解决了一场地质学争议的岩石

一个跨国研究小组在最近一期《自然》杂志上报道：在27亿年以前的太古时代,一种稀有的岩浆岩叫做科马提岩（komatiite）,形成于大约1700℃的地幔中。     

Accumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals in clams （Ruditapes philippinarum） in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Accumulation and distributions of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were measured in tissues of the clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from 5 sites in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbon and PAHs ranged from 570 to 2 574 ng/gdw (gram dry weight) and from 276 to 939 ng/gdw, in the most and least polluted sites, respectively. The bio-accumulation of hydrocarbons and PAHs in the clams appeared to be selective. Aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominantly represented by short chain (<nC₂₃) n-alkanes, suggesting that petroleum hydrocarbons were likely the major contamination source. The selective uptake of 3 and 4 ring PAHs, such as naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, by the clams was probably related to the physiological and bio-kinetic processes that were energetically favorable for uptake of compounds with fewer rings. Accumulation of the metals Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg, and As in the clam tissues also showed high variability, ranging from 0.043 to 87 μg/gdw. Among the 7 detected metals, Zn, Cd, Cu, and As had a particularly high potential of accumulation in R. philippinarum. In general, a positive correlation was found between the tissue concentrations and sediment concentrations of hydrocarbons and of some metals. Our study suggests that moderate contamination with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, and low to moderate contamination with metals, currently exists for clam R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay, in comparison with other regional studies. A long-term monitoring program is certainly needed for assessment of the potential ecological influence and toxicity of these contaminants of R. philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay.     

隐丝藻科一新属—管形藻属

中空蜈蚣藻（Ｇｒａｔｅｌｏｕｐｉａ ｐｏｒｒａｃｅａ （Ｍｅｒｔ．）Ｗ．Ｘ．Ｌｉ ｅｔ Ｚ．Ｆ．Ｄｉｎｇ）在幼苗期（０．２ｄｍ）已中空,成体的主枝与分枝亦中空,皮层细胞叉状排列或稍背斜形;生枝枝丛（ａｍｐｕｌｌａｅ）只有一条主枝或１分枝;果胞枝由１－３个细胞组成,有的果胞亦产生由１－４个细胞组成的侧枝。其特征与蜈紧藻属（Ｇｒａｔｅｌｏｕｐｉａ Ｃ．Ａｇ）不同。建议将其从蜈蚣藻属中移出另成立一个新属     

大獭蛤软体部营养成分的分析与评价

对大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima)软体部进行营养成分分析,并对其营养价值进行综合评定。结果表明,大獭蛤软体部粗蛋白含量为81.20%,干物质中水解氨基酸总量为83.50%,其中必需氨基酸为30.22%,占氨基酸总量的36.19%;氨基酸中6种呈味氨基酸含量丰富,占氨基酸总量的53.81%;大獭蛤软体部第一限制氨基酸为亮氨酸;矿物质含量丰富。可见,大獭蛤软体部营养价值高,呈味特性良好。     

华北地区石炭、二叠系腐殖煤中的四环二萜烷

从华北西部和南部五个煤矿取得的石炭、二叠系腐殖煤的饱和烃馏分中,经GC和GC/MS分析,检测出了较丰富的二萜类生物标志物.根据质谱特征与卡瓦保留值,并对照文献谱图,确认其中包括五个具有贝壳松烷骨架的四环二萜烷(即ent-白叶烷、16α(H)-和16β(H)-扁枝烷、16α(H)-和16β(H)-贝壳松烷).以及一个三环的异海松烷.一个完整的四环二萜烷系列在我国华北石炭、二叠系腐殖煤中的发现在北半球很可能属首次.这些二萜类内组成在时间和空间上的差异分布,可能反映古植物群演化与分布的变化.扁枝烷和贝壳松烷的立体化学构型,可提供重要的有机成熟度信息.     

怀念李四光老师,学习他的治学精神

际此李四光老师诞辰100周年之际,回忆当年受业情景,思绪万千。二院荷花池畔的憧憬、庐山野外实习及课堂受业的教诲犹历历在目。他一贯认真严谨的治学态度和科学的开创精神永远激励着我们。他是中国地质事业的奠基人之一,他对中国地质科学的贡献、他的治学精神和高风亮节都堪称后世师表。     

新疆富钕褐帘石的首次发现及矿物学特征

普通褐帘石多含饰,常呈副矿物存在于花岗岩、矽卡岩、火山灰(Izett,1981、变质泥岩(Sakai er al., 1984)等岩类.本文所报道的近年发现的一种富教褐帘石,产于新疆哈图金矿外围伟晶石英脉中.该矿物深黑色,呈单斜柱状晶簇,晶体最长可达10cm以上。