水污染

水体污染影响工业生产、增大设备腐蚀、影响产品质量,甚至使生产不能进行下去。     

“工业概述”教学构想

“工业概述”一节是“工业生产和工业布局”一章的基础知识。掌握工业分类的知识，以便学生能从工业部门结构变化的角度认识工业布局的变化；掌握工业生产特点，了解工业生产发展的历史，懂得社会生产力是促进工业发展的巨大动力这一基本原理。教学中我采用问题讨论，读图列表比较等方法，充分体现学生的主体作用。     

用探究法教学“新中国工业建设的重大成就”

“新中国工业建设的重大成就”是“我国的工业生产和工业布局”一节中的重点内容。但因该部分教材的内容量大,罗列的地理材料多,知识点零碎等特点,用传统的教学方法学生往往感到枯燥难记。为此,笔改用探究法教学,即将教材中的地理材料和事实转化为图表或音像,通过投影机和放像机显示,并创设问题情境,教师在“情境”中引导学生主动探究。学生通过形象直观地比较、分析、归纳、认识新中国工业建设的成就和社会主义制度的优越性,从而避免了被动地去记教材上的结论。其教学过程为：显现图表或音像→设问→结论。     

Chemical and isotopic approach to groundwater cycle in western Qaidam Basin, China

Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin, the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for local residents and industrial production. It is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy policies. This study focused on the recharge, the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through investigations on water chemistry and isotopes. Hydrological, chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. In addition, the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable, and the rates of the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively quick. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater resources would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future, moreover, water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin.     

深挖课程标准 落实核心素养——以“工业生产活动对地理环境的影响”为例

本文以“工业生产活动对地理环境的影响”一课为例探究如何灵活使用教材、如何积极使用多种教学资源、如何驾驭不同教学思路和教学模式,以创设高效地理课堂,从而实现培养学生必备的地理学科核心素养。     

东西南北

北京首云国家矿山公园成京郊游新景点日前,位于密云县燕山脚下的首云国家矿山公园成为京郊游的又一新景点。首云国家矿山公园占地面积3.58平方公里,主要由矿业遗迹区、地质遗迹区、工业生产区和旅游接待区四大景区组成。矿业遗迹区里有经过近半个世纪的露天开采,垂直深度达到300多米的露天大矿坑奇观。地质遗迹区的斜长环斑花岗岩地质遗迹世界仅发现两处,一处位于欧洲的瑞典,而另一处为北京的密云,其形成原因至今还是一个     

Optimization of fermentation conditions for 1,3-propanediol production by marine Klebsiella pneumonia HSL4 using response surface methodology

The industrially important organic compound 1,3-propanediol(1,3-PDO) is mainly used as a building block for the production of various polymers. In the present study, response surface methodology protocol was followed to determine and optimize fermentation conditions for the maximum production of 1,3-PDO using marine-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae HSL4. Four nutritional supplements together with three independent culture conditions were optimized as follows: 29.3 g/L glycerol, 8.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 7.6 g/L(NH 4) 2 SO 4, 3.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, pH 7.1, cultivation at 35°C for 12 h. Under the optimal conditions, a maximum 1,3-PDO concentration of 14.5 g/L, a productivity of 1.21 g/(L·h) and a conversion of glycerol of 0.49 g/g were obtained. In comparison with the control conditions, fermentation under the optimized conditions achieved an increase of 38.8% in 1,3-PDO concentration, 39.0% in productivity and 25.7% in glycerol conversion in flask. This enhancement trend was further confirmed when the fermentation was conducted in a 5-L fermentor. The optimized fermentation conditions could be an important basis for developing lowcost, large-scale methods for industrial production of 1,3-PDO in the future.