柱撑蒙脱石改性磷铵及其增效机理研究

本通过Keggin离子制备了柱撑蒙脱石，并对其进行了酸化处理。盆栽试验研究表明，利用柱撑蒙脱石和酸化柱撑蒙脱石对磷酸二铵进行改性试验处理，生物量显高于磷铵对照，氮素和磷素利用率显提高。X射线衍射技术和红外光谱对改性磷铵进行结构研究表明，其晶体结构发生了较大的变化，这种变化减少了氮的损失和磷在土壤中的固定，从而提高磷铵氮磷的生物有效性。     

滕州市建立完善城乡土地利用机制

1基本情况滕州市土地总面积1 485 km2,总人口158万,耕地面积7.60万hm2,人均占有0.05 hm2(0.73亩),低于全省、全国平均水平,人多地少的矛盾非常突出。全市划定基本农田保护区77 851 hm2,保护率为88%,高于全省、全国平均保护水平。全市土地利用率91.95%,高于全省88.88%和全国72.6     

胶州市土地开发整理现状及对策

1胶州市土地开发整理的基本情况2004年以来,胶州市加大土地开发整理力度,共实施省级以上土地开发整理项目5个,其中省级项目3个,国家级项目2个。全市累计开发整理土地1117.40hm2,增加耕地1028.73hm2,不仅有效缓解了人地矛盾,而且极大地促进了全市经济发展。通过实施这些项目改善了农业生产条件,提高了土地利用率,有效地促进了农业增效,农民增收。具体做法是:一是统一思想,推进土地整理,带动经济发展。近年来,胶州市国土资源局以实现耕地总量动态平衡为目标,按照“占一补一”的原则,高度重视土地开发整理工作。经济呈现了良好的发展势头。但经…     

人类活动对港湾岸线及景观变迁影响的比较研究————以中国象山港与美国坦帕湾为例

利用多时期遥感数据,以10年为时间步长,提取1985-2015年4个时期中国象山港和美国坦帕湾的岸线空间位置,长度和曲折度以及港湾地区景观构型,多样性和破碎度等信息,构建海岸人工化和港湾景观人工干扰指标,探讨人类活动对港湾岸线,景观演变的影响.结果表明:① 近30年来,象山港和坦帕湾自然岸线长度不断缩减,人工岸线长度呈先增后稳定的态势.由于两地人类活动方式的差异,象山港局部岸段形态发生剧烈变化,岸线曲折度不断变小;而坦帕湾岸线形态变化较小,岸线曲折度几乎保持不变.② 1985-1995年,象山港海岸人工化不断加强,1995年以后有所减弱,但人类活动的影响范围逐渐变大,几乎遍及整个港湾海岸.1985-2015年,坦帕湾海岸人工化强度虽有加强,但增幅缓慢,海岸人类活动也主要集中于各沿海城市区域.③ 1985-2005年,象山港和坦帕湾各人工化强度等级样区景观平均斑块面积总体呈减少趋势,但2005-2015年,象山港各强度样区景观平均斑块面积变化趋势不一,坦帕湾各强度样区变幅则较为平稳.④ 1985-2005年,象山港各强度样区景观多样性指数逐渐增大,而坦帕湾变化不一;2005-2015年,两港湾人工化强度由弱至强,景观多样性指数先增后减.⑤ 1985-2005年,象山港和坦帕湾不同人工化强度样区,景观破碎度指数逐渐增大;2005-2015年,两港湾景观破碎度指数呈减小趋势.     

Lead in food and soil from a mining area in Brazil and human exposure

During the last century, several lead mines and a metal smelter were in production in the Upper Ribeira Valley, southeastern Brazil. After fifty years of activity, the refinery was shut down in November 1995 and, thereafter the last mines in production were closed. Since 1998, a multidisciplinary research group has carried out an ambitious investigation among the population of five municipalities in the Ribeira Valley （sampled population of 472 children and 523 adults） to assess the human exposure to lead. The highest blood lead levels were found among the population of two villages in the vicinity of the smelter where soil and indoor-dust are highly contaminated. During the present study, the lead contents of several food species that are part of local population diet were investigated. Greens, vegetables, corn, chicken eggs and cow milk, were sampled in two occasions, July 2004 and February 2005. The analytical procedures included burning of organic matter, pre-concentration of lead and, finally, determination by AAS using background correction. The quantification limit was 0.05 μg/g Pb. Soil samples were also collected and analyzed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy with a quantification limit of 2 μg/g Pb. The results are very impressing since 100% of greens, vegetables and eggs yielded lead concentrations exceeding the upper limits established by Brazilian regulations whereas milk and maize samples presented lead contents below the regulated limit of 0.05 μg/g Pb. Lead concentrations in soil varied between 156 and 1292 μg/g Pb, resembling the results of previous studies and far exceeding the threshold of 200 μg/g Pb indicated as the intervention value. Lead contents in some species vary consistently with lead concentrations in soils, however, other factors may account for the bioavailability of lead and its intake by plants, like the soil pH, its cationic exchange capacity, clay and organic matter contents, characteristics of the plant species itself, climate, among others.     

G308、YJ2.1R硬质合金在复合钎头上的应用

介绍了G308、YJ2．1R新型凿岩硬质合金的物理机械性能，并就镶嵌该2 种硬质合金的飞龙φ40、φ42－4PIC锥体连接复合钎头，与我国目前广泛流行的镶YG11C硬质合金片的φ40、42mm“一”字形钎头在同一场的进行了对比应用。     

基于时间序列植被特征的内蒙古荒漠化评价

荒漠化是中国北方干旱、半干旱地区面临的主要生态环境问题。从植被特征着手,关注其年际动态变化特征,已经成为国内外荒漠化评价的发展趋势。选取遥感反演的高时间分辨率的植被降水利用率作为评价指标,利用时间序列分析方法,评价了内蒙古自治区1999-2009 年的荒漠化发展态势,并对荒漠化逆转问题进行了初步讨论。结果表明：内蒙古自治区11 年来生态环境总体趋于改善,荒漠化发展态势并不明显。其中,鄂尔多斯高原的东部至大青山南麓、大兴安岭及燕山北部余脉是内蒙古自治区生态环境改善最为明显的地区,反映出该区的植被保护政策发挥了积极的作用;荒漠化土地空间分异特征表明,降水因子和植被恢复有着密切的联系,300mm以上降水量的地区,其植被恢复能力要明显大于降水稀少的地区;干旱、极干旱地区的荒漠界限极不稳定,对荒漠化是否逆转的判断必须在特定的时间尺度,结合当年的气候条件进行综合分析。     

近岸过程与海岸侵蚀机制研究进展

首先简单介绍了砂质海岸近岸地形动力过程的时空多尺度特征及其复杂性,海岸系统相互依存的3个方面和近岸带地形动力基本特征;进而从5个方面论述了国内外对砂质海岸侵蚀地形动力过程与机制研究的进展:1)长重力波运动与海岸侵蚀;2)近岸环流、波增水、底流运动与岸滩侵蚀;3)海滩-碎波带地形动力状态与岸滩侵蚀方式;4)波生沿岸流、沿岸输沙与海岸长期变化;5)海岸侵蚀终极平衡形态规律。最后概括了未来需优先探索的地形动力学问题和研究策略。     

2006年胶州湾现有水域面积与岸线的卫星调查与历史演变分析

利用2006年5月20日Landsat-5 TM卫星数据对胶州湾的现存水域面积与岸线长度进行了量算,结果给出胶州湾2006年现存总水域面积为353．92km^2,总岸线长度为220．02km.与历史数据进行比较发现,总岸线长度在进一步加长,而总水域面积在进一步缩小。其原因是由胶州湾的人工围垦所致。     

Comparative Studies on Phosphorus Uptake and Growth Kinetics of the Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the Macroalga Ulva pertusa

Short-term uptake experiments and long-term semicontinuous culture experiments were performed under the condition of phosphorus (P) limitation to estimate and compare the P uptake and growth kinetics of the microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis and the macroalga Ulva pertusa. Two new parameters, the maximum specific uptake rate (Vm^sp) and the maximal growth efficiency (β), are introduced to achieve uniformity for the comparison of nutrient uptake and growth efficiency between microalgae and macroalgae. T. subcordiformis possesses 3 times lower half saturation uptake constant, 4 times higher maximal growth rate and 20 times higher maximum specific uptake rate than U. pertusa, while U. pertusa possesses 4 times higher maximal growth efficiency than T. subcordiformis.