中国南海珊瑚岛礁泻湖砂层钻探取心技术

中国南海珊瑚岛礁拥有巨大的资源潜力和科研价值。科学钻探是珊瑚岛礁研究工作中获取地层资料的重要技术手段。南海珊瑚岛礁地下普遍存在多层厚层泻湖砂层，主要结构为无胶结或轻微胶结的细粒珊瑚砂，这种层位钻探取心极端困难，是影响钻探成果的主要难题之一。南海两个岛礁所实施的3口千米以上深井施工过程中，为解决泻湖砂层钻探取心难题，在分析泻湖砂层性状的基础上，综合研究钻具合理选用、钻进参数控制、钻井液性能控制等钻探工程核心内容，形成了较完整的适用于泻湖砂层钻探取心的“多要素组合钻探取心技术”。使用该技术能确保珊瑚岛礁泻湖砂层岩心采取率达到95%以上，并基本保持岩心原状性。该研究成果对于珊瑚岛礁钻探具有重要的借鉴作用。     

农业生物地球化学———新兴的边缘学科

简述农业生物地球化学（生物地球化学的分支学科）的内涵,并提出建立可持续性发展的生物地球化学营养工程模式。该工程的实施对于发展21世纪的富素绿色有机农业、富素绿色有机食品提高人类健康水平和促进农业经济产业化具重要的现实意义并将产生深远的影响。     

EFFICIENCY OF NITROGEN REMOVAL IN CONSTRUCTED WETLAND：A SIMULATION STUDY IN THE WEST JINLIN, CHINA

Plenty of inorganic nitrogen in wastewater can cause the eutrophication in water bodies, so it is an important task to remove nitrogen. Purification role was realized by absorption, filtration, depositon, evaporation, nitrification and denitrification of microbes. Although the studies of Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland are popular, the purification performances of constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate are less reported. In the paper, the purification efficiency of nitrogen with Phragmites austrilis bed in the constructed wetland filled by saline-alkali soil substrate was discussed through a simulation study. Results to date indicated that the first order plug flow model was adequate to describe the nitrogen removal. The experiment showed that the diminishing concentration of TN, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH4-N were closely related to hydrological retention time (HRT), the correlation coefficient was R^2 = 0.98499, R^2 = 0.9911, R^2 = 0.89407 and R^2 = 0.95459, respectively. According to the data, the most suitable hydrological retention time (HRT) for this kind of constructed wetland should be determined to 4 days. In addition, the experiment showed the purification efficiency of nitrogen has very broad range and drastic vibration, TN( 17 % - 79 % ), NO2-N (33%-98% ), NO3-N (13%-93% ), NH4-N (28%-64% ). The study will promote wetland‘s design and operation procedures in large saline-alkallne soil areas.     

水文测井在雷州半岛地区无岩心钻进供水井中的应用

水文测井是在水文钻孔中进行各种地球物理勘探方法的一个统称.以前钻进供水井是靠取心来确定含水层位,这种方法效率低,成本高,特别不能适应目前市场经济要求.在雷州半岛地区无岩心钻进供水井中,采用电阻率和自然电位测井资料来划分含水层已取得良好的效果,同时划分咸淡水界面也特别有效,现在水文测井已成了一个必不可少的有效手段,根据测井资料成井,可使成井率达100%.     

中国东部地幔矿物中富硅、碱熔融包裹体：对岩石圈演化的启示

中国东部华北、东北和东南沿海几个地区的新生代玄武岩的尖晶石相和石榴石相橄榄岩捕虏体矿物中熔融包裹体研究表明, 玻璃化学成分为富硅(SiO₂=60%~68%)、碱(K₂O+Na₂O= 5%~11%), 特别是富钾(K₂O>Na₂O), 以及H₂O和CO₂等挥发分(2%~7%)的中酸性硅酸盐, 属于高钾钙碱性系列的英安岩和安山岩, 少量属于橄榄安粗岩系列. 熔融包裹体中高Al和Ca透辉石子矿物是熔体在高温高压下结晶的产物, 而非脱玻化重结晶的产物. 研究指出, 这种富钾(一般K₂O>3%)中酸性硅酸盐更具大陆特点, 与主矿物和寄主玄武岩均无成因关系, 是被捕获的中生代岩石圈壳-幔相互作用之熔体, 同时暗示中新生代时期中国东部大陆岩石圈地幔可能经历了破碎和更新的过程. 这无疑给中国东部大陆岩石圈演化过程提供重要启示, 同时指出富硅、碱熔体应对中国东部地幔化学非均一性负责.     

扬子地台新元古代碳酸盐盖帽碳、氧同位素研究

地质历史上最严重的冰期发生在新元古代末期（约635 Ma），其结束的标志是沉积了一层薄薄的、横向连续展布的、δ13C呈明显负异常的碳酸盐盖帽。地质学家提出了多种成因模型来解释碳酸盐盖帽δ13C负漂移，最著名的有：生物产率下降说，滞留海水翻转说的甲烷渗漏分解说。对黔南、浙西新元古代碳酸盐盖帽碳氧同位素研究表明，δ13C负异是甲烷渗漏和海水翻腾共同作用的结果。理由如下：① 贵州瓮安和朵丁剖面的岩石结构与现代古代甲烷渗漏形成的碳酸盐沉积相似；② 碳酸盐盖帽上覆的浅水相磷块岩沉积为海水倒转说提供了佐证，因为浅水区磷质来源于水体倒转时携带的深海磷。始于 Marrinoan 冰期结束的海水倒转导致碳酸盐盖帽的形成，并促使磷块岩在浅水区域的沉积成矿。水体倒转的另一效应是将深海负δ13C 的碳酸盐带到浅水区域，碳酸盐盖帽和上覆磷块岩的负δ13C值证实了这一点。     

Eutrophication study at the Panjiakou-Daheiting Reservoir system, northern Hebei Province, People＇s Republic of China： Chlorophyll-a model and external and internal sources of phosphorus and nitrogen

Concentrations and loads of nitrate and total phosphorus and the sources of these two nutrients were investigated at the Panjiakou and Daheiting Reservoir system in northern Hebei Province, the People＇s Republic of China. The Luanhe River is the primary source of water to these reservoirs. The response of the reservoir system from the phosphorus loading, with respect to chlorophyll-a production from algae, was fitted to a model of normalized phosphorus loading which regresses the average summer-time chlorophyll-a concentration to the average annual phosphorus concentration of the reservoir. The reservoirs have a primary use for drinking water and partially supplies the city of Tianjin with its annual supply, but secondary uses include flood control and aqua culture （fish cages）. Comparison of the normalized phosphorus loading and chlorophyll-a response of this system to other reservoirs throughout the world from similar studies indicates an elevated level of eutrophication, which will require an approximate 10-fold decrease in phosphorus load reduction to bring the system to a more acceptable level of algal productivity. Isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in dissolved nitrate were measured from the headwater streams and at various locations along the major river system that provides the majority of water to this reservoir, and within the two reservoirs.     

铁矿岩心高光谱编录初探

对河北省昌黎县闫庄铁矿床的磁铁石英岩型铁矿石样品进行了光谱反射率测量,并与其铁含量进行了相关关系研究,研究结果表明,铁矿石中铁含量与850～900 nm的反射率均值呈现显著指数负相关关系,并从光谱编录入手,绘制了闫庄铁矿1个钻孔部分样品的光谱曲线与光谱彩色条码柱状图,与地质柱状图合并生成简单的光谱地质柱状图;研究证明,用岩心光谱反射率值去定量估算其铁品位是可行的,根据光谱曲线生成简单的彩色地质光谱柱状图非常有效,具有推广前景.     

中国活动火山区甲烷的碳同位素研究

中国长白山天池、腾冲、五大连池等主要活动火山区逸出气体中甲烷的碳同位素组成测试结果显示，腾冲、长白山（不包括天池火山口内湖滨）火山区岩浆来源气体中甲烷的δ^13C值的变化范围与国际上地热区甲烷大致相同，平均值分别为-19．0‰，-32．6‰；五大连池火山区与天池火山口内湖滨强气体释放带逸出甲烷的δ^13C值较低，平均值分别为-45．8‰和-47．9‰，类似于东非裂谷带基伍（Kivu）湖的甲烷。研究认为，这些低δ^13C值甲烷可能直接来自上地幔；岩浆来源甲烷在火山喷发过程中的动力学分馏导致了其δ^13C值的降低，岩浆源区越深，其δ^13C值越低；岩浆源区深度（d）与甲烷δ^13C值有如下关系：d（km）=0．0107（δ^13C1）^2＋1.14。岩浆来源CO2和CH4之间的碳同位素分馏温度可指示气体最后源区的深度。     

马剑-下梓州断裂带特征及其对天姆尖盆地铀矿的控制作用

本文根据马剑-下梓州断裂带的基本特征,分析研究了该断裂带的形成和发展过程;同时根据该断裂带两侧已知铀矿化的特征,阐明了马剑-下梓州断裂带对铀成矿的控制作用。在初步查清天姆尖盆地铀成矿地质背景及其形成富大铀矿床若干地质条件的基础上,指出天姆尖地区寻找富大火山岩型铀矿的方向。