Experiments on the primary migration of oil from source rocks

Simulation experiments on the primary migration of oil were carried out on massive samples. The results proved that oil generated from source rocks was expelled in the form of an independent oil phase. High oil-expulsion efficiency was observed. It follows that the primary migration of oil is not directly dependent on the quantity of oil generated from the source rocks. Therefore, the oil-expulsion proportion was high though some source rocks yielded only a limited amount of oil. A great deal of gas was produced at the same time of oil-generation. Thus, it can be concluded that the main expulsion energy for oil primary migration came from these gases.     

Experimental simulation of dolomite dissolution under burial diagenesis conditions and thermodynamic interpretation

Simulating experiments on dolomite dissolution by acetic acid were made under burial diagenesis conditions,at temperatures ranging from 75℃to 130℃ and pressures from 20 MPA to 30MPa,The results show that the dissolution rate of dolomite increased rapidly with increasing temperature and prssure,From 75℃/Mpa to 130℃/30 MPa,the total amount of released ca and Mg increased from 32.98mg/L to 337.9mg/L,over one order of magnitude in difference,Thermodynamic calculation indicates that the increment of Gibbs free energy (ΔG） of the chemical reaction decreases with increasing temperature and pressure.This thermodynamic result is consistent with the experimental result.Based on the Experimental results.it is suggested that secondary prosities formed by dolomite dissolution under conditions of deep burial diagenesis should be more common than those under epigenesis and shallow burial conditions,and therefore dolomite reservoires in the formations that have been deeply buried should be more abundant than in the formations that have only been shallowly buried.     

应用土柱试验求解地下含水介质弥散系数

污染物质在地下含水介质中的运移,除受渗透系数等水文地质条件的制约外,还受到含水介质弥散系数的控制。污染物的扩散,首先是从包气带开始进行的,浑河冲洪积扇地包气带主要岩性是亚粘土及亚砂土,因此,计算出浑河冲洪积扇包气带的弥散系数,对于认识污染物的运移能力是一项必要的工作。本文利用室内动态土柱装置,模拟包气带岩性环境,以0.05 mol/L的NaCl溶液作为示踪剂,经长时间监测,运用弥散系数计算公式进行求参。计算结果是包气带以亚粘土为主要岩性的弥散系数为0.005 71 m2/d,亚砂土的弥散系数为0.012 47 m2/d。     

碳酸盐岩储层埋藏溶蚀改造与水岩模拟实验研究进展

深层-超深层碳酸盐岩是当前全球油气勘探的焦点,也是未来我国有望实现油气商业发现的热点领域.对于深埋藏环境下优质碳酸盐岩储层形成而言,目前研究普遍强调了早期表生溶蚀作用和晚期埋藏溶蚀改造作用的重要性.作为表征储层溶蚀作用机理的有效手段,水岩溶蚀模拟实验能够再现实际地质条件下碳酸盐岩和地层流体之间的相互作用过程,为碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀改造研究提供了新视角.为此,系统回顾了近年来碳酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验的研究进展,并尝试从实验模拟的角度讨论溶蚀作用对深层-超深层碳酸盐岩成储过程的控制作用.首先回顾了碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造作用,同时总结了碳酸盐岩水岩溶蚀模拟实验的技术与方法,其次梳理了基于溶蚀模拟实验取得的碳酸盐岩储层溶蚀改造规律与认识,最后展望了现有研究对深层-超深层油气勘探以及碳封存与再利用中的应用前景.不难看出,开展碳酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验有望为寻找埋藏成岩过程中的次生孔隙发育带、阐释规模性溶蚀作用发生的有利条件提供依据,同时也可为未来碳酸盐岩成储机制和实验模拟研究提供一定的借鉴意义.     

基于不同邻近标签数选择的LANDMARC定位算法研究

对于基于射频识别的LANDMARC室内定位算法而言,该系统采用"k近邻"算法,通过选取k个与待测标签相邻且符合特定条件的参考标签,最后根据这些标签的位置结合权值估算出待测标签的坐标信息.但是在实际的操作过程中,最近邻参考标签数的选取无指导原则,具有一定的盲目性.针对这一问题,通过选取与待定位参考点最近邻的参考节点作为未知点,通过搜索法获得最优的邻近标签数k,在随后的未知节点的定位过程中,选取k个邻近标签进行定位.经过多次实验,最终得出结论,使用改进后的LANDMARC算法的性能要优于原来经典的LANDMARC算法,精确度提升了10%左右,同时避免了k值选取的盲目性.     

个人防雷电10大要诀

(1)应该留在室内,并关好门窗;在室外工作的人应躲入建筑物内。(2)不宜使用无防雷措施或防雷措施不足的电视、音响等电器,不宜使用水龙头。(3)切勿接触天线、水管、铁丝网、金属门窗、建筑物外墙,远离电线等带电设备或其它类     

Assimilating the LAI Data to the VEGAS Model Using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter: An Observing System Simulation Experiment

Information on the spatial and temporal pat- terns of surface carbon flux is crucial to understanding of source/sink mechanisms and projection of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate. This study presents the construction and implementation of a terrestrial carbon cycle data assimilation system based on a dynamic vegetation and terrestrial carbon model Vegetation-Global-Atmosphere-Soil （VEGAS） with an advanced assimilation algorithm, the local ensemble transform Kalman filter （LETKF, hereafter LETKF-VEGAS）. An observing system simulation experiment （OSSE） framework was designed to evaluate the reliability of this system, and numerical experiments conducted by the OSSE using leaf area index （LAI） observations suggest that the LETKF -VEGAS can improve the estimations of leaf carbon pool and LAI significantly, with reduced root mean square errors and increased correlation coefficients with true values, as compared to a control run without assimilation. Furthermore, the LETKF-VEGAS has the potential to provide more accurate estimations of the net primary productivity （NPP） and carbon flux to atmosphere （CFta）.     

基于空间语义的室内导航应用模型研究

室内导航是当前空间信息应用领域的一个热点问题,针对室内空间和室内导航应用需求的特点,提出了一种基于语义的室内空间导航模型。该模型以图论模型为理论基础进行空间的几何抽象和拓扑构建,在准确描述大型建筑室内拓扑关系的基础上,添加模型要素的属性信息以及属性与环境信息的语义关联约束,使模型可以根据出行者的具体需求或环境的变化,改变模型的属性信息,为精细化的导航服务提供基础。     

室内定轨移动摄影测量控制系统设计与实现

在室内定轨移动摄影测量系统中,自动化、智能化的控制系统是其稳定可靠工作的重要保障.该摄影测量系统需要对轨道上的移动平台和摄影测量机构进行远程操作,为了实现稳定、可靠的控制,设计研发以单片机为控制核心的遥控系统;摄影测量机构是由五台非量测数码相机拼接而成,为了实现五台相机同步摄影,设计完成相机同步曝光装置.实验表明该系统...     

顾及语义的室内三维模型数据组织与可视化

本文提出了一种顾及语义的"实体-区域-入口"数据组织机制,有效整合了现有的城市三维地理空间数据与建筑物室内精细模型数据,实现了高效的室内场景数据调度与可视化;并基于此构建了三维可视化系统,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。