宇宙信息

WISE升温但继续工作 在完成了主要任务对红外天空进行了巡天观测之后,美国宇航局的大视场红外巡天探测器（WISE）耗尽了其所有的制冷剂。虽然WISE已经升温,但美国宇航局决定继续这一任务。现在WISE的观测目标将集中在太阳系中的小行星、彗星和行星上。     

我们的银河系如何长大？

字宙之网似乎并不是一个框架这么简单。按照最新的观点。宇宙之网中的纤维结构正是为星系成长提供所需气体的“脐带”。     

Minimum Bedrock Exposure Ages and Their Implications: Larsemann Hills and Neighboring Bolingen Islands, East Antarctica

<正>Considerable controversy exists over whether or not extensive glaciation occurred during the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) in the Larsemann Hills.In this study we use the in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide ~(10)Be(half life 1.51 Ma) to provide minimum exposure ages for six bedrock samples and one erratic boulder in order to determine the last period of deglaciation in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands.Three bedrock samples taken from Friendship Mountain(the highest peak on the Mirror Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) have minimum exposure ages ranging from 40.0 to 44.7 ka.The erratic boulder from Peak 106(just at the edge of the ice sheet) has a younger minimum exposure age of only 8.8 ka.The minimum exposure ages for two bedrock samples from Blundell Peak(the highest peak on Stornes Peninsula,Larsemann Hills;～2 km from the ice sheet) are about 17 and 18 ka.On the Bolingen Islands(southwest to the Larsemann Hills;～10 km from the ice sheet),the minimum exposure age for one bedrock sample is similar to that at Friendship Mountain(i.e.,44 ka).Our results indicate that the bedrock exposure in the Larsemann Hills and on the neighboring Bolingen Islands commenced obviously before the global LGM(i.e.,20-22 ka),and the bedrock erosion rates at the Antarctic coast areas may be obviously higher than in the interior land.     

英国科学家最近研究发现地球在宇宙中“怀胎”了1亿年否定了此前孕育3000万年之说

据英国《每日电讯报》报道,英国科学家最近研究发现,地球的整个形成期约为1亿年,而不是之前认为的3000万年。这样,地球实际年龄的计算就要减去7000万年的孕育时间,也就是说,地球比科学家此前推算的要“年轻”。     

科学发现史上又一个重要里程碑——获取宇宙最初一刻的吉光片羽

正宇宙学是一门奇特的学问:课题是独特的,对象是独特的,方法是独特的,甚至它的研究者也是独特的。美国BICEP2研究团队就是由这样一批独特的宇宙学家组成。他们发现了宇宙诞生之后一亿亿亿亿分之一秒遗留下来的"吉光片羽"。他们探测到了大爆炸之后穿过宇宙的引力波。这是一个石破天惊的发现,对了解宇宙如何诞生具有里程碑式的意义,如果得到确认,他们将有望获得下一个诺贝尔物理学奖。     

New advances in the study of Alpine glaciations

The European Alps is the birthplace of glaciology and in particular Quaternary glaciology and for over one hundred years has been a model region for studying mountain glaciations. In this paper, we review the achievements from this region, which will benefit glaciological studies of the Tibetan Plateau, China. According to new evidences of glaciofluvial de- posits discovered in valleys and forelands of the Alps, researchers have progressed from an original four Pleistocene gla- ciations to seven glaciations： Biber, Donua, Gtinz, Haslach, Mindel, Riss and WOrm. The earliest one Biber possibly oc- curred between the Pliocene and Pleistocene, but the chronology before Riss is still in doubt. Recent years, Riss and Wtirm glaciations have been supported by a large numbers of cosmogenic exposure dating. In particular, cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating has been carried out for different moraine boulders in numerous valleys, which reveals a series of climatic change events, and they are comparable to post-glacial age records of northern Europe. The advancement of glaciological studies in the Alps is important in promoting glaciological research in the Tibetan Plateau.     

OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系

利用66个OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系,得到log L(OH)=1.71log L(IR)-17.67,即L(OH)α[L(IR)]1。71.这个结果介于Baan所得到的L(OH)α[L(IR)]2和Kandalian所得到的L(OH)α[L(IR)]1.38的结果之间.由于统计时所取的样本数最多,因此结果更能反映实际情况.进一步,可把这66个OH megamaser分为两类;第一类为L(OH)<102L(?)的小光度OH megamaser,小光度OH megamaser包含了14个OH megamaser;第二类为L(OH)≥102L的大光度OH megamaser,大光度OH megamaser包含了52个OHmegamaser.研究结果表明,小光度OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间相关关系为L(OH)α[L(IR)]1.43,与Kandalia所得到的结果相接近.大光度OH megamaser的光度和它们的宿主星系的红外光度之间的相关关系为L(OH)α[L(IR)]2,与Baan所得到的结果相一致.     

空间无碰撞激波的数值研究

无碰撞激波是空间等离子体和宇宙等离子体中的重要物理现象。文中评述了数值研究空间无碰撞激波的两种方法－粒子模拟和混合模拟，给出了准垂直和准平行无碰撞激波的数值研究结果。还指出了一些尚未解决的研究问题。