机房雷电防护措施初探

<正>1概述雷电是发生在大气层中的声、光、电物理现象,属自然灾害之一。有史以来,雷电便以极大的破坏力造成建筑物倒塌、起火和人员伤亡,给人类的生活、工作带来了很大的影响。随着弱电设备的广泛应用,其绝缘强度低,耐过电压、过电流的能力差等致命弱点也突显出来。根据统计,雷电对电子设备的破坏而造成的损失,已远远超过了雷击火灾的损失,成为当今电子时代的一大公害。雷电危及信息系统主要是雷电电磁脉冲,雷电     

哈尔滨一次灰霾天气污染物浓度变化及气象条件分析

2014年10月22-24日,哈尔滨地区发生了一次持续性的灰霾天气过程。本文利用气象观测资料和污染物浓度监测资料,分析了颗粒物的浓度演变特征、气象要素特征及产生持续性灰霾天气的可能原因。研究表明,该次过程中绝大部分时间能见度低于10 km,空气质量指数(AQI)指数最大时达到500。此次灰霾天气高空主要受偏西气流控制,环流较平直,过程前期地面受高压场后部影响,后期位于低压前部,灰霾期间风力较小,空气湿度条件较低,地面空气干燥;近地层虽然没有出现逆温,但气温垂直递减率较小,大气层结较稳定。     

GNSS对流层天顶延迟模型及映射函数研究EI北大核心CSCD

对流层延迟是指电磁波信号穿透中性大气层时速度和路径均发生改变的效应,具有非色散性,无法通过多频组合方式消除;由于水汽具有典型的时空非平稳特征,难以对非流体静力学分量进行精确建模。如何妥善处理对流层延迟,是提高GNSS定位精度的重点和难点问题。     

现代天文学历史大事记

1日 2003年2月1日美国“哥伦比亚号”航天飞机在执行第28次飞行任务中。于返回大气层时解体,7名字航员遇难。     

高原东部春季降水云层的微物理特征分析

利用人工增雨飞机和机载PMS粒子探测系统，对高原东部地区春季人工增雨主要降水云层的微物理结构进行大量探测研究。根据1995年和1997年共15架次的飞行探测资料，分析研究了高原东部低层大气气溶胶微粒的分布特征及其与大气层结的关系，着重分析了高原东部春季降水云层的云粒子、降水粒子以及冰晶、过冷水的一些初步分布特征。     

Numerical Simulation of Atmosphere-Ocean-Sea Ice Interaction During Interannual Cycle in High Northern Latitudes

The interannual atmosphere-ocean-sea ice interaction （AOSI） in high northern latitudes is studied with a global atmosphere-ocean-sea ice coupled model system, in which the model components of atmosphere and land surface are from China National Climate Center and that of ocean and sea ice are from LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A daily flux anomaly correction scheme is employed to couple the atmosphere model and the ocean model with the effect of inhomogenity of sea ice in high latitudes is considered. The coupled model system has been run for 50 yr and the results of the last 30 years are analyzed. After the sea level pressure （SLP）, surface air temperature （SAT）, sea surface temperature （SST）, sea ice concentration （SIC）, and sea surface sensible heat flux （SHF） are filtered with a digital filter firstly, their normalized anomalies are used to perform the decomposition of combined complex empirical orthogonal function （CCEOF） and then they are reconstructed with the leading mode. The atmosphere-ocean-sea ice interactions in high northern latitudes during a periodical cycle （approximately 4 yr） are analyzed. It is shown that： （1） When the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） is in its positive phase, the southerly anomaly appears in the Greenland Sea, SAT increases, the sea loses less SHF, SST increases and SIC decreases accordingly; when the NAO is in its negative phase, the northerly anomaly appears in the Greenland Sea, SAT decreases, the sea loses more SHF, SST decreases and SIC increases accordingly. There are similar features in the Barents Sea, but the phase of evolution in the Barents Sea is different from that in the Greenland Sea. （2） For an average of multi-years, there is a cold center in the inner part of the Arctic Ocean near the North Pole. When there is an anomaly of low pressure, which is closer to the Pacific Ocean, in the inner part of the Arctic Ocean, anomalies of warm advection appear in the region near the Pacif     

月球表面的环境特征

本文通过对月球探测资料和研究结果的系统分析,认为月球体积小、质量轻、离太阳较近(温度高)等因素是月球只有极为稀薄大气层的原因;论证了月球极地阴影区存在水冰的证据,并计算出水资源量约为66亿吨。研究了月壤中氦-3的含量与月壤颗粒大小、矿物组成、元素成分和结构特征的关系,并估算了氦-3的资源量;探讨了月球表面的反射率;综合分析了月球区域性磁场的形成机制。