基于AMBI和M-AMBI指数的黄河口及邻近海域底栖生境质量评价

The protection of the biological diversity and the maintenance of the regional ecological integrity for the Huanghe （Yellow River） Estuary and its adjacent areas are practically significant and valuable. However, frequent human activities and natural climate changes have caused vigorous disturbances on the ecosystem in these sea areas. An objective assessment on the benthic habitat quality （BHQ） of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas is conducted, using AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI） and multivariate AMBI （M-AMBI） based on the data of macrobenthos in May and August 2011. The results show that both the indices do not correlate significantly, and their assessment results are greatly different. All of the samples assessed using the AMBI were ＂high＂ or ＂good＂, because the ecological group I （EGI） and the ecological group II （EGII） were dominant macrobenthic ecological groups in the research area. Owing to a low species＇ richness and a high individual abundance in some samples, the BHQ levels using the M-AMBI were worse than those of the AMBI. Significant correlations are observed between the M-AMBI, water depth, bottom water salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen, thus the M-AMBI could sensitively respond to environmental changes and distinguish influences from uninfluenced stations, but the AMBI could not. The consistent results between the AMBI and the M-AMBI mainly appeared in the uninfluenced （undisturbed or slightly disturbed） sta- tions. Therefore, the M-AMBI is more effective than the AMBI in assessing the benthic habitat quality in the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas. Using the M-AMBI to assess the BHQ of the Huanghe Estuary and its adjacent areas, the results show that 3% of the stations are undisturbed and the BHQs are ＂high＂, and 61% of the stations are slightly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂good＂, and the rest are meanly disturbed and those of the BHQ are ＂moderate＂.     

基于空间插值和竞争态的山东省旅游节庆时空分异

选取山东省140个市、县为样本,利用年际集中指数,基于空间插值方法和竞争态模型对1990—2013年山东省旅游节庆进行研究。旅游节庆经历了起步期、发展期和腾飞期3个发展阶段。年内旅游节庆活动淡旺季分明,4—10月是其多发频段,秋季的数量约占总量的40%,而春夏之交的比例约为38%。年内季节性分布从"三峰三谷"型演变为"双峰双谷"型,气候因素、节庆主题的季节性、资源禀赋是其主要原因。持续时间的峰值有8个,持续一周之内的节庆数量约为55%。公共假日和带薪假期、"暑假游"、经济效益是其主要驱动因素。季节年际变化大,呈波动性下降趋势,年际集中指数由1990年的15.04下降到2013年的8.32。持续时间和数量呈现出"西低东高"特征,前者和后者分别为"两峰两谷"和"三级阶梯状"。节庆的地区差异显著,瘦狗类地区比例最高。     

近海水生系统与沉积物中痕量金属的形成机理

痕量金属和有毒金属通过面源(如大气沉降)和点源(如河流、地下水和倾废)污染过程参与近海水生系统的生物地球化学循环.根据近年来主持的多项沿海生态地球化学调查与评价项目的理论与实践,概括了痕量金属在水生系统中迁移、转化的生物地球化学模式,并对模式意义作了概要的解释.近海水生系统中痕量(有毒)金属形成取决于系统内发生的生物、...     

深穿透地球化学多方法组合在中条山厚层黄土覆盖区找矿试验研究

在运城盆地厚层黄土覆盖区所开展的深穿透地球化学找矿试验,采用黏土吸附态金属离子(Cu、Co、Ni、Zn等)、热释碳酸盐(ΔC)、电导率(η%)、F离子选择性电极四种方法同时进行。试验对象是深埋在黄土下200~300 m以深两个铜镍多金属硫化物矿床。通过本次试验,所选四种方法均不同程度捕捉到巨厚黄土覆盖200 m以深的金属矿床成矿地球化学信息,初步证明所选方法是有效的、可行的。其中粘土吸附态金属离子Co、Ni、Cu、Zn异常强度与在矿体中的浓集强度呈明显的正相关关系,间接找矿信息热释碳酸盐(ΔC)、电导率(η%)也有一致的趋势。进一步将四种方法的异常信息进行叠加,所形成的组合异常更好地克服了单信息微弱、不稳定的缺陷,可更有效地指示深埋隐伏多金属矿体,明显增大异常对矿体的反映率。本次所选的四种方法,野外采样方法简单,操作简便,与常规土壤化探工作方法基本一致,生产与测试成本能为基层单位接受;对同类土壤覆盖区开展深穿透地球化学方法找矿有推广价值。     

策勒绿洲近地表大气降尘粒度指示的分选特征及其意义

风成沉积一般为多峰态粒度分布,不同峰态往往指示不同的沉积分选作用。这种分选作用形成的粒度特征是否具有稳定性可以通过现代大气降尘观测进一步证实。本研究通过对策勒绿洲两次大气降尘11个位置3 m和0.5 m高度样品粒度特征进行分析,试图揭示风成沉积粒度特征的稳定性。结果表明：两次大气降尘粒级范围都集中在0.4—250 μm,不同高度的大气降尘都显示典型的双峰态粒度分布特征,其中粗粒峰态众数为67—75 μm,细粒峰态众数12—21 μm。粗粒峰态和细粒峰态各自在不同位置和不同高度上都表现出稳定一致的粒度分布特征,这表明大气降尘在近地表空间上经历稳定一致的沉积分选作用。因此,风成沉积粒度特征适合用于指示区域沉积动力环境,多峰态分离分析可能获得更加明确的环境信息。     

一种基于智能手机的实时高精度定位系统开发与车载应用测试北大核心CSCD

手机GNSS芯片可支持多模GNSS观测信号,其提供的原始观测量为高精度导航定位提供了可能,智能手机高精度导航定位成为研究热点之一。本文首先基于自研的反向RTK算法,设计并开发了一套基于智能手机的实时高精度定位系统,降低手机的计算压力;然后基于智能手机小米8,进行了大范围(覆盖深圳、武汉、北京)、多场景(城市开阔/遮挡,高速开阔/遮挡)的动态车载应用测试,用于验证系统的可靠性和可用性。测试结果表明:系统在各场景下均能稳定有效运行,在开阔环境下,小米8可实现亚米级的实时动态定位精度,精度最优可达0.21 m。     

鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)鳃部微环境特征与铜的生物有效性

对鲤鱼鳃部微环境进行了定量测量，建立了鲤鱼鳃部微环境的定量模型，对鱼鳃微环境进行了定量描述，通过暴露实验验证了EDTA络合态铜与高岭土颗粒吸附态铜对鱼鳃的生物有效性，并从形态变化的角度分析其存在有效性的原因，即络合态与颗粒吸附态金属随水流经过鱼鳃时，将会部分地发生离解，转变成为可以直接被鱼鳃吸收的形态。     

Undrained Behaviour of Silt under Static and Cyclic Loading

In this study, the undrained behaviour of silt under low stress level is studied. An effective preparation method for built - in silt samples in the triaxial test was firstly developed. By triaxial testing of samples at low confining pressures it was found that silt easily loses stability and liquefies. Loose silt may show temporary liquefaction under static loading, and develop full liquefaction under cyclic loading. The most important factors influencing the silt behaviour are porosity, confining pressure, consolidation state, cyclic loading level and number of cycles. The maximum obtainable shear stress is primarily a function of the confining pressure and the internal frictional angle. The actual structure of the silt material is the key factor in controlling its behaviour.     

Effect of n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers and Artemia on growth and survival of larval black sea bream （Sparus macrocephalus）

Requirement for dietary n-3 HUFA (n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid) for growth and survival of black sea bream (Sparus macrocephalus) larvae was studied using rotifers and Artemia at various levels of n-3 HUFA. Five treatments with rotifers and Artemia differing in n-3 HUFA were prepared by enriching them with various oil emulsions. Results indicated that dietary n-3 HUFA significantly influence fish n-3 HUFA levels and are essential for growth and survival of black sea bream larvae. The results also indicated that the incorporation of n-3HUFA TG (triacylglycerols) into tissues of larval black sea bream was more effective from natural fish oil in comparison with n-3 HUFA fatty acid ethyl esters from ethyl-esterified oil.     

近岸海水中络合态铁的离心超滤粒径分级方法研究

建立了基于离心超滤技术的近岸海水中络合态铁(Fe)粒径分级方法。经0.45μm滤膜过滤的海水样品,分别用不同孔径(3 k Da、10 k Da、30 k Da、100 k Da)的超滤膜离心超滤并脱盐。不同分子量范围的化合物富集于相应孔径的超滤膜上,以酸溶液提取出Fe,用原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定。在优化的条件下,方法检测限为0.10μg·L-1,线性范围0.25~10μg·L-1,4组不同孔径超滤膜测定同一份样品的相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.4%~10.3%。本方法成功应用于福建九龙江口至厦门西海域水样的测定,结果显示各分子量范围内的络合态Fe含量随盐度增高而降低,且呈非保守分布的变化趋势。