中国近海外来囊藻(Colpomenia peregrina)种群遗传多样性研究

外来囊藻(Colpomeniaperegrina)是一种在潮间带分布广泛的褐藻,它能附着在牡蛎壳上进行跨海区扩散,因而是研究生物多样性变动和生物地理格局形成的良好模型。外来囊藻在中国沿海虽有分布,但关于其种群遗传多样性和分化研究的报道尚为空白。本研究采集了中国近海13个外来囊藻种群样本。通过扩增301条线粒体cox3序列,发现了26个单倍型;通过重建单倍型网络图和基于最大似然法与贝叶斯法重建系统进化树,发现外来囊藻种内遗传多样性较高, 13个种群划分为3个遗传世系,其中浙江南麂列岛的7个种群组成遗传世系A,辽宁和山东的样本则分化为遗传世系B和C。中国近海外来囊藻的这种种群遗传结构可能源于更新世末次盛冰期黄渤海、东海边缘海的环境变化和海平面的大幅下降。遗传世系A具有的较高单倍型多样性,其原因可能是南麂列岛独特的地理位置和潮间带环境的共同作用。     

广西涠洲岛滨海湿地潮下带海草、红树林与互花米草的分布和群落结构特征

系统报道了广西涠洲岛的潮下带海草、红树林以及互花米草的分布和群落结构特征.2019—2020年的调查结果表明,涠洲岛海草分布于南湾西侧,紧邻珊瑚礁区,面积4246 m2,为潮下带的生长形式,海草种类仅见卵叶喜盐草(Halophila ovalis);真红树植物有6种[红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)、海漆...     

基于SLAF-seq技术开发蓝圆鲹微卫星标记及跨物种扩增检测

采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术开发蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)微卫星标记,从获得的1 450个四至六碱基重复微卫星位点中随机挑选93个位点进行引物合成和多态性检测,最终开发出31个多态性微卫星标记.群体遗传学检测结果表明,31个位点的等位基因数为4~29(均值13.48),观测杂合度(Ho)为0.281~0.875(均值0.650),期望杂合度(He)为0.557~0.958(均值0.838),多态信息含量值(PIC)为0.456~0.939(均值0.803),表明所开发的31个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,17个位点符合HWE("哈迪-温伯格"平衡),且各位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象.跨物种扩增结果显示,分别有27、20、20、18、9个微卫星标记在颌圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)、长身圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)、无斑圆鲹(Decapterus kurroides)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)及金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)中具有较好的通用性.本研究开发的多态性长碱基重复微卫星标记可为蓝圆鲹渔业资源的科学管理和保护提供有力的遗传学评估手段,亦可为圆鲹属和鲹科鱼类系统进化研究提供新的分析手段.     

中国沿海常见蜑螺科贝类的DNA条形码

DNA条形码不仅为物种鉴定提供了有效方法,而且也有助于分类学和生物多样性研究。本研究旨在探讨将COI和16S rRNA基因序列应用于中国沿海蜑螺科贝类物种鉴定的可行性,获得了该科3属7种贝类61个个体的COI和16S rRNA基因序列。基于COI基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00—1.29%,平均为0.67%;属内种间遗传距离为4.62%—19.25%,平均为13.02%;基于16S rRNA基因序列的种内遗传距离为0.00%—0.48%,平均为0.23%;属内种间遗传距离为2.47%—8.48%,平均为6.37%。两种基因序列在所研究的蜑螺中,种内遗传差异均小于种间遗传差异,存在明显的条形码间隙,所有物种在系统发生树上都表现为独立的单系群。结果表明,线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因序列可以作为DNA条形码标准基因对蜑螺科贝类进行有效地物种鉴定。     

印度尼西亚北苏拉威西蓝碧海峡浮游动物种类组成及分布

Based on oceanographic survey data in June 2012 in the Lembeh Strait, the zooplankton ecological characteristics such as species composition, individual abundance, dominant species and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that 183 species(including 4 sp.) had been recognized, most of them belonged to copepoda.Cnidaria followed with 43 species(including 1 sp.) were identified. The average abundance of zooplankton was(150.47±58.91) ind./m~3. As to the horizontal distribution, the abundance of the zooplankton was higher in the southern waters than in the northern waters. The dominant species in the study area were Lensia subtiloides,Sagitta enflata, Lucifer intermedius, Oikopleura rufescens, Diphyes chamissoni, Creseis acicula, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora discaudata, Aglaura hemistoma, Doliolum denticulatum, Canthocalanus pauper, Oikopleura longicauda and Nanomia bijuga. Zooplankton biodiversity indexes were higher in study area than previous study in the other regions. The findings from this study provide important baseline information for future research and monitoring programs.     

The relationship between soft-bottom macrobenthic communities and environmental variables off Ningjin, eastern Shandong Peninsula

Macrobenthic infauna and associated environmental factors influencing the benthic community in the eastern coastal region of Shandong Peninsula were analyzed in four seasonal surveys from January 2007 to October 2007 (30 stations in winter, 20 stations in other three seasons), in order to understand the community structure and the factors unfluencing the benthic distribution. PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages were adopted to analyze the environmental and macrobenthic data. The results show that there were 260 macrobenthic species in total collected from the research region. The composition of species is:Polychaeta (94 species), Crustacea (75), Mollusca (56) and Echinoderm (12), among which, only 23 species were common species in the cruises of every season. The dominant species varied from season to season; however, the polychaete species Paralacydonia paradoxa Fauvel and Echinoderm species Amphioplus japonicus (Matsumoto) were always present year-round. The abundance and biomass of the macrobenthos in the research region were variable from season to season. The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis show that the similarities of macrobenthic structures between the stations were low; most of the similarities were at about 30% of similarity value, only two stations were up to 70%. In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures, we divided the 20 stations into five groups by arbitrary similarity level of 30%. The ABC curve indicates that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed massively, except two stations, SB1 and SB3. Ecologically, benthos were controlled by a combination of factors such as salinity, phytoplankton, zooplankton, SiO₃-Si and temperature, and no single factor could be considered as an ecological master factor.     

生物土壤结皮固沙理论与实践

生物土壤结皮是由土壤微生物、藻类、地衣和苔藓等孢子植物类群与土壤颗粒形成的有机复合体,在全球干旱区地表广泛分布,是干旱地表生物覆被层的主要构建者.生物土壤结皮是荒漠植物群落演替的先锋类群,能够提高荒漠地表的稳定性,固定碳和氮等营养元素,增加土壤肥力,并在保持土壤水分方面发挥重要作用,因此在干旱区受损地表的生态修复方面具...     

蓝镜头

2009年11月24日，科学家在数千米深的海底发现了数千种奇特物种。这些新发现物种最深的生存深度达到约4800米，它们承受着人体骨骼所无法承受的压力。此外，科学家们在200米深度的海水中发现了17650种海洋生物，     

四川生态茶园的适宜型及物种配置

四川生态茶园的建设与我国其它地区有其相似性和特殊性，本文从四川茶区的生态气候和植被区系特点出发，从理论和实践角度探讨了建设四川生态茶园的可行性和不同适宜类型，以及适合茶园间作的林，果，药，绿肥等植物的种类和布置方式 。     

温室效应变化及其地理意义

在过去100年间，全球平均气温上升0．3－0．5℃，这种增温幅度与温度效应的预报结果相一致。也与气候变化的自然幅度相一致，由于温室气体效应，现代的气候变化与过去气候变化已有本质不同，经过进一步研究，多数科学家认为，全球变暖主要是大气中的温室气体增加造成的，温室效应变化具有重要的地理意义，增温幅度存在普遍适应的规律。冬季大于夏季，高纬度大于低纬度，陆地大于海洋。植物种群的更新及迁移可能跟不上气候变化的步伐，土壤的形成更将远远落后于气候变化，过渡带的生态系统将长时期内存在，它们将是不稳定的，脆弱的，物种的灭绝速度可能会因此加快，人类对生物资源的利用也许会面临新的问题和挑战。