环境细菌宏基因组研究及海洋细菌生物活性物质BAC文库筛选

宏基因组是特定环境全部生物遗传物质总和 ,决定生物群体生命现象。特定生物种基因组研究使人们的认识单元实现了从单一基因到基因集合的转变 ,宏基因组研究将使人们摆脱物种界限 ,揭示更高更复杂层次上的生命运动规律。在目前的基因结构功能认识和基因操作技术背景下 ,环境细菌宏基因组成为研究和开发的主要对象。环境细菌宏基因组细菌人工染色体文库筛选和基因系统学分析使研究者能更有效地开发细菌基因资源 ,更深入地洞察环境细菌多样性     

不同保存条件下中华哲水蚤基因组DNA提取的比较

以采自厦门港的中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)为对象，研究多种保存条件对中华哲水蚤基因组DNA提取的影响。结果表明，除5％福尔马林保存的样品没有提取到DNA之外，其余样品均能成功提取出基因组DNA；以该DNA为模板通过相应引物成功扩增出线粒体DNACOI基因片段。其中无水乙醇保存样品提取可靠的基因组DNA方法的建立，为野外样品保存工作提供了一个简便，经济的途径。     

O1型霍乱弧菌Fosmid文库的构建及分析

为构建O1型霍乱弧菌Fosmid文库并对文库进行分析,采用低熔点琼脂糖包埋法提取O1群霍乱弧菌N16961完整基因组,用随机剪切法将基因组进行片段化处理,脉冲电泳分离片段化DNA并切胶回收33～48kb之间的DNA片段,然后对DNA片段进行末端平滑化和磷酸化处理,与pCC1FOS载体连接,经包装、转染后构建霍乱弧菌Fosmid文库。平均插入片段为37kb,共保存9 600个克隆,空载率小于2%。本文库符合文库的构建要求,文库的建立为O1霍乱弧菌重要基因及其功能的研究奠定了基础。     

Construction of a muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fenneropenaeus chinensis</Emphasis> and sequence analysis of the troponin I gene

A muscle cDNA library of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) was constructed with the SMART™ cDNA Library Construction Kit. The titer of optimal primary library was 7.7×10⁵ pfu mL⁻¹ and that of the amplified library was 3.0×10⁹ pfu mL⁻¹. The percentages of the recombinant clones of primary and amplified libraries were over 98%. The insert sizes were longer than 400 bp with an average of 1000 bp. A positive clone containing a 794 bp insert was sequenced and identified encoding fast skeletal troponin I gene. This library provided a useful resource for the functional genomic research of F. chinensis.     

Preliminary analysis of population genetic diversity of cultivated <Emphasis Type="Italic">Laminaria japonica</Emphasis> sporophyte via AFLP technique

The amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA (AFLP) technique was adopted to estimate the population genetic polymorphism among 30 sporophytes of Laminaria japonica collected from a cultivating farm in Rongcheng, China. Three methods were used for genomic DNA extraction from Laminaria japonica sporophyte and only the products obtained using the improved genomic DNA extraction kit method proved qualified for AFLP analysis. The parameters of the method were optimized. Samples of forty milligrams and the cell lysis time of 120 min were suggested to replace the parameters recommended by the manufacturer. Thirty individuals of Laminaria japonica from the same cultivating site were investigated using one pair of selective primers. A total of 21 loci were obtained and 17 of them were polymorphic. The mean percent age of polymorphic loci of this population was 80.95%. The Nei’s gene diversity (H) within this population was 0.3028 and the average Shannon’s Information index (I) was 0.4498. A genetic distance matrix among different individuals was constructed as well. Through this study, an applicable AFLP genetic analysis working system for Laminaria japonica sporophyte was established. The results of this research also revealed a high level of genetic diversity within the studied population.     

海南万泉河口尖鳍鲤线粒体基因组测序与结构特征分析

为了解海南尖鳍鲤(Cyprinus acutidorsalis)线粒体基因组结构特征及其与鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类的进化关系,本文通过二代测序获得海南万泉河口尖鳍鲤线粒体基因组全序列,并对结构特征进行分析,结果显示具有典型的环状闭环双链分子,全长16581bp,碱基组成为A(31.96%)、G(15.69%)、C(27.53%)和T(24.82%),包含13个蛋白质编码基因(protein-codinggenes,PCGs)、2个r RNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个可变控制区D环。对碱基含量分析发现尖鳍鲤的碱基组成中具有较高AT含量的偏向性,13个PCGs中有不少的偏好性密码子,如CGA(RSCU>3.506)、CCA(RSCU>2.208)等。除tRNA^Gln、tRNA^Ala、tRNA^Asn、tRNA^Cys、tRNA^Leu(CUN)、tRNA^Tyr、tRNA^Ser(UCN)、tRNA^Pro     

软体动物线粒体基因组不同组装策略的比较研究

软体动物线粒体基因组在大小、结构和功能存在巨大变异,不同组装策略往往会得到差异的结果,明确适合软体动物的线粒体基因组组装策略对开展基于线粒体基因组的相关研究具有重要意义。通过基因组浅层测序技术获取了软体动物主要类群(双壳纲、腹足纲、多板纲、头足纲)代表种类的基因组数据,应用目前主流的线粒体基因组组装软件(NOVOPlasty、Ray、MitoZ、SPAdes、GetOrganelle和MEANGS)在相同条件下进行组装并比较各个软件的组装效果[运行时间、基因组覆盖度、准确性、线粒体重叠群(Contigs)数目、结果文件存储空间占用],探讨线粒体基因组的组装策略。结果表明,基于不同组装策略的线粒体基因组组装软件的组装效果与物种的生物学分类无关,而与线粒体基因组大小有关。基于参考序列组装策略的NOVOPlasty和基于从头组装策略的MEANGS、GetOrganelle和MitoZ更适用于组装有着常见线粒体基因组大小的软体动物类群, MEANGS、Ray和SPAdes更适用于组装线粒体基因组偏大的软体动物类群,MitoZ可以一次性完成线粒体基因组的组装、注释以及可视化工作。研究结果提示不同...     

中国新记录定鞭藻物种冠状棕囊藻的遗传进化分析

棕囊藻属(Phaeocystis)分类学上位于定鞭藻门(Haptophyta)定鞭藻纲(Haptophyceae)棕囊藻目(Phaeocystales)棕囊藻科(Phaeocystaceae)。迄今在我国海域仅分离鉴定到一种棕囊藻属物种,即自1997年以来在我国海域频繁形成有害藻华的球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)。作者从中国南海分离到一个单细胞鞭毛类株系CNS01077,结合形态特征观察及基于18S rDNA序列的系统发育分析,将其鉴定为冠状棕囊藻(Phaeocystis rex)。这是该棕囊藻物种在我国海域的首次报道。该研究构建了该物种的首个叶绿体基因组序列和首个线粒体基因组序列。与球形棕囊藻和南极棕囊藻的细胞器基因组比较分析发现冠状棕囊藻的细胞器基因组发生了显著的结构重排和序列变异。该物种在我国海域的发现及细胞器基因组的构建,将为棕囊藻的生物多样性组成和地理分布研究提供支撑。