Earthquake triggering and delaying caused by fault interaction on Xianshuihe fault belt,southwestern China

The coseismic Coulomb stress change caused by fault interaction and its influences on the triggering and delaying of earthquake are briefly discussed.The Xianshuihe fault belt consists of Luhuo,Daofu,Kangding,Qianning and Ganzi fault.Luohuo(Ms=7.6,1973)-Kangding(Ms=6.2,1975)-Daofu(Ms=6.9,1981)-Ms=6.0,1982)earthquake is a seismic sequence continuous on the time axis with magnitude greater than6.0.They occurred on the Luhuo.Kangding,Daofu and Ganzi fault,respectively.The coseismic Coulomb stress changes caused by each earthquake on its surrounding major faults and microcracks are calculated,and their effects on the triggering and delaying of the next earthquake and aftershocks are analyzed.It is shown that each earthquake of the sequence occurred on the fault segment with coseismic Coulomb stress increases caused by its predecessors,and most after-shocks are distributed along the microcracks with relatively larger coseismic Coulomb stress increases resulted from the main shock.With the fault interaction considered,the seismic potential of each segment along Xianshuihe fault belt is reassessed,and contrasted with those predicted results ignoring coseismic Coulomb stress change,the significance of fault interaction and its effect on triggering and delaying of earthquake are emphasized.It is con-cluded that fault interaction plays a very important role on seismic potential of Xianshuihe fault belt,and the maximal change of future earthquake probability on fault segment is up to 30.5%.     

关于岩石的剥离破坏过程及混合破坏准则

基于热力学定律研究了岩石在强动载作用下的损伤演化过程。从分析可以看出，材料在强烈应力波作用下的损伤演化过程是一个不可逆的热力学过程，其中伴随着能量的耗散过程。同时也是一个强烈非平衡过程，线性近似不能很好地描述它，必须采用更强烈的损伤对于应力的依赖关系。岩石是充满随机分布的微裂纹的介质，其数目及尺寸服从一定的分布，仅仅用一个损伤量还不能准确地反映损伤的程度。因此本文基于密度准则及微损伤的统计描述，建立了一个混合的破坏准则，所反映的微裂纹的信息更多。     

花岗岩动三轴抗压强度的裂纹模型研究（I）：理论基础

简要地介绍了岩石材料在压应力作用下的裂纹模型。应用虚拟力方法(Pseudo-tractionmethod)考虑2阶虚拟力情形,求解裂纹组应力强度因子表达式,为岩石动三轴抗压强度的裂纹模型研究提供理论基础。     

花岗岩动三轴抗压强度的裂纹模型研究(Ⅱ):应用

根据压缩载荷作用下的滑移型裂纹模型，结合裂纹的动态断裂准则，模拟了花岗岩在应变速度从10^-4-10^0s^-1以及围压力20，50，80MPa时的强度特性。结果表明，模拟结果与实验结果基本一致。还探讨了地从裂纹扩展和聚合特性入手揭示岩石材料强度随应变速率以及围压变化的机理。     

Creep Damage Characteristics of Soft Rock under Disturbance Loads

This article focuses on the process of rock creep damage and micro-damage evolution properties of gray green mudstone under impacting disturbance load conditions for the first time using the real time computerized tomography (CT) testing technique. The results indicate that axial load comes into limit strength neighborhood, rock micro-crack links into larger crack, creep rate increases in a short time, larger plastic deformation happens; this is called disturbance accelerating creep stage. When rock is within limit strength neighborhood, there occurs creep micro-damage under smaller disturbance load. When disturbance load is larger, rock directly enters into disturbance accelerating creep stage, failure occurs instantaneously. On the basis of experimental research, the CT scanning method was used to describe the creep micro-damage of soft rock, also helpful in the prediction of roadways' service life and evaluation of geotechnicai engineering stability.     

随机载荷作用下平台结构疲劳寿命预测

海洋等工程结构物在服役过程中的受载历程是一个随机过程。研究裂纹在谱载荷作用下的扩展规律对可靠预报平台等结构物的疲劳寿命具有十分重要的意义。提出了一个由应力比和裂纹尖端约束及塑性区尺寸为主要参数计算裂纹张开比,来考查载荷相互作用下疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的计算模型。用该模型对几种谱载荷作用下疲劳实验结果进行了预测,将预测结果与不考虑裂纹闭合的线性损伤模型及疲劳计算程序FASTRAN的预测结果进行了比较,表明本模型能较好地预测谱载荷作用下的疲劳裂纹扩展。     

动态裂纹稳定性的分子动力学研究

为了估算几个物理因素对动态裂纹稳定性的影响,进行了一系列分子动力学模拟。这些是由各种实验潜势模拟得到的晶体结构和原子间的相互作用。对于低温下脆性裂纹的扩展。我们发现稳态裂纹 的速度限制在一个易于牟数值区间内。当增另过载并且远远超过ＫＩＣ时,裂纹以稳态速度扩展并迅速达到终止速度,即约耿０．４个瑞利波速度,终止速度的幅值可能与原子间相互作用的非线性有关。进一步增加过载并未显著地改变稳态速度,却明显地增     

下一代深海装备用高强度陶瓷材料及结构分析

深海装备在服役过程中需要抵抗海水及应力腐蚀,承受载荷对结构的考验及深海环境的高压强, 这对材料的综合性能提出了巨大挑战。以氧化铝为代表的高强度陶瓷材料具有耐腐蚀、质量轻、高强度等特点,在深海装备应用中具有巨大潜力。对多种高强度陶瓷材料进行了分析比较,并针对深海应用的要求讨论了材料选型和缺陷要求,为下一代深海装备材料的发展提供了参考。     

基于准连续介质方法模拟纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展

通过准连续介质方法模拟了纳米多晶体Ni中裂纹的扩展过程.模拟结果显示:裂纹尖端的应力场可以导致晶界分解、层错和变形孪晶的形成等塑性形变;在距离裂纹尖端越远的位置,变形孪晶越少;在裂纹尖端附近相同距离处,层错要远多于变形孪晶.这反映了局部应力的变化以及广义平面层错能对变形孪晶的影响.计算了裂纹尖端附近区域原子级局部静水应力的分布.计算结果表明:裂纹前端晶界处容易产生细微空洞,这些空洞附近为张应力集中区,并可能促使裂纹沿着晶界扩展.模拟结果定性地反映了纳米多晶体Ni中的裂纹扩展过程,并与相关实验结果符合得很好     

水压力作用下三峡库区侏罗系软岩裂纹扩展规律及力学机制

三峡库区侏罗系地层滑坡发育广泛,研究该地层软岩夹层在不同水压力作用下的强度及变形破坏特性对库区岸坡的长期稳定性评价具有重要理论指导意义。以三峡库区侏罗系典型软岩——沙溪庙组泥质粉砂岩为例,对其进行了不同水压力下的力学试验系统(MTS)三轴压缩试验,并基于断裂力学与有效应力原理对水-力耦合效应下岩石的起裂及裂纹扩展机制进行了分析。研究结果表明：水压力的存在可降低岩石的峰值抗压强度,水压力越大岩石破坏后控制性裂纹的长度及倾角也总体随之增大,次生裂纹的数目也呈现出随之增多的趋势;原生裂纹的起裂及次生裂纹的扩展分别受控于K_Ⅱ、K_Ⅰ型应力强度因子,原生裂纹的起裂角最大为70.5°;次生裂纹的临界扩展长度随原生裂纹长度的增加而增大,当原生裂纹倾角约为45°时,在相同条件下次生裂纹的扩展长度最大;说明水压力的存在加剧了岩石裂纹的扩展,且使岩石的张拉破坏趋势更为明显,而原生裂纹形态特征对裂纹的扩展规律亦具有较大的影响。