Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silicate-incorporated Hydroxyapatite

This article reports a preliminary research on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite as a new environmental mineral used to remove cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was prepared by coprecipitation and calcining, and silicate was incorporated into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite by partial substitution of phosphate. The amount of cadmium ions removed by silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was significantly elevated, which was 76% higher than that of pure hydroxyapatite. But the sorption behavior of cadmium ions on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was similar to that of pure hydroxyapatite. Morphological study revealed that silicate incorporation confined the crystal growth and increased the specific surface area of hydroxyapatite, which were in favor of enhancing the cadmium ion sorption capacity of the samples. Incorporation of silicate into hydroxyapatite seems to be an effective approach to improve the environmental property of hydroxyapatite on removal of aqueous cadmium ions.     

施磷对土壤中汞、铅吸附特性的影响

以合肥市郊的大兴镇和义城镇地区土壤为主要研究对象,利用批量平衡法初步研究了重金属在研究区土壤中的等温吸附特征及其吸附热力学特征。外源磷浓度增大提高土壤对重金属Hg、Pb的吸附能力。在施磷情况下土壤的Hg、Pb吸附自由能均为负值,是常温、常压下可以自发进行的过程,是物理和化学吸附并存的过程。研究区土壤对Hg、Pb吸附过程均是熵增过程。     

沸石对放射性核素Cs+,Sr2+的吸附阻滞作用

通过对新疆乌鲁木齐浅水河地区沸石的物化性质和工程特性(包括阳离子交换容量、孔结构、粒度组成、击实密度、渗透系数等)、活化处理以及对放射性核素C s ,S r2 吸附性能的研究,结果表明:该沸石的阳离子交换容量(CEC)达到97.9 m eq/100 g,在中性条件下最高为195.4 m eq/100 g;击实后的渗透系数为8.7×10-4m/s。沸石对溶液中的C s ,S r2 吸附量分别达到162.6×1-0 3和74.9×1-0 3,吸附效果优于内蒙高庙子膨润土矿。经过钠改性和铵改性处理后的沸石,对C s 的吸附量有不同程度的提高,最高达234.5×1-0 3;但对S r2 的吸附效果影响不大。溶液pH值对C s ,S r2 的吸附量有明显影响,中性和碱性环境更有利于沸石吸附作用的进行。     

Sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediment

Systematic study on sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments was conducted.Isotherms of sorption of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments could be described by Freundlich model; and the isotherm of sorption of o-nitrophenol on HCl-treated sediment could be described by Langmuir model. The sorption behavior was affected by various factors including organic carbon content, aqueous solution salinity,temperature, and acidity. The sorption amount of o-nitrophenol increased when salinity and acidity of the aqueous solution increase, but decreased with increasing temperature. Organic carbon content in sediments had apparent effect on the behavior except for HCl-treated sediments.     

Kinetic research on the sorption of aqueous cadmium on carbonate hydroxyapatite

The sorption of aqueous cadmium on carbonate-hydroxyapatite （CHap） is a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, From kinetic point of view, it can be described by two stages： at the earlier stage, reaction rate is so fast that its kinetic course is intricate, and at the later stage, the rate of reaction becomes slow and the process of reaction accords with one order reaction kinetic equation. Experimental results show that the relationship between reaction rate constant kl and temperature T accords to Arrhenius Equation, and the activation energy of sorption （Ea） is 6.075 J/mol and frequency factor （A） is 220 s^-1. At the same time, reaction rate constant kl increases with decreasing Cd^2＋ initial concentration, on the contrary, with increasing pH and CHap dosage.     

三角褐指藻对汞吸收富集作用的研究——汞与浮游植物相互作用(Ⅱ)

采用连续培养方法,研究三角褐指藻对汞(HgCl_2)的吸附富集作用。结果表明,藻体对汞有较大的富集能力,加入培养瓶中的汞被藻体富集率在95％以上,富集因子的变化范围在3×10~4—2×10~5之间。三角褐指藻的吸附符合Freundlich吸附公式,其动力学过程是一级反应。并讨论了胶州湾水体中浮游植物与汞含量间的关系。     

厦门西港表层沉积物对铅的吸附作用

在海水介质中,模拟研究了厦门西港沉积物对Pb吸附过程的热力学和动力学性质,提出相应的定量模式,测定饱和吸附量、吸附速率常数和表观活化能等重要物化参数。结果表明,沉积物-Pb的吸附以化学作用为主,静电作用为辅。其吸附性质与水合氧化铁-Pb的吸附类似。     

A Two-Wave Scheme for Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Parameterization

When the magnitude of sub-scale ographic forcing is comparable with explicitly ordinary dynamic forcing, the drag effect reduced by ographic gravity wave is to be significant for maintaining dynamic balance of atmospheric circulation, as well as the momentum and energy transport. Such sub-scale ographic forcing should be introduced into numerically atmospheric model by means of drag being parameterized. Furthermore, the currently mature ographic gravity wave drag （OGWD） parameterization, i.e., the so-called first-generation （based on lineal single-wave theoretical framework） or the second-generation drag parameterization （including an important extra forcing by the contribution of critical level absorption）, cannot correctly and effectly describe the vertical profile of wave stress under the influence of ambient wind shearing. Based on aforementioned consideration, a new two-wave scheme was proposed to parameterize the ographic gravity wave drag by means of freely propagating gravity waves. It starts with a second order WKB approximation, and treats the wave stress attenuations caused by either the selective critical level absorption or the classical critical level absorption explicitly; while in the regions where critical levels are absent, it transports the wave stress vertically by two sinusoidal waves and deposits them and then damps them according to the wave saturation criteria. This scheme is thus used to conduct some sample computations over the Dabie Mountain region of East China, as an example. The results showed that the new two-wave scheme is able to model the vertical distribution of the wave stress more realistically.