Environmental Redox Changes of the Ancient Sea in the Yangtze Area during the Ordo-Silurian Transition

Extensive organic-matter （OM） rich facies （black shales） occur in the Ordo-Silurian boundary successions in the Yangtze area, South China. To investigate the redox changes of the Yangtze Sea during the Ordo-Silurian transition, two OM sections （Wangjiawan in Yichang, Hubei Province, and Sanjiaguan in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province） straddling the Ordo-Silurian boundary are studied. The measurements finished in this study include contents of the total organic carbon （TOC）, pyrite sulphur, and different species of Fe, including dithionite-extractable Fe （FED）, pyrite Fe （FeP）, HCl-extractable Fe （FeH）, and total Fe （FeT）, in black shales, as well as other redox proxies, such as the SIC ratio, the ratio between highly reactive Fe （FeHR = FeD ＋ FeP） and FeT, and the FeP/（FeP ＋ FeH） ratio, known as the degree of pyritization （DOP）. In the Wangjiawan section, the Middle Ashgill sediments have high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.20-0.77; avg. 0.45）, high DOP values （0.21-0.72; avg. 0.54）, and a relatively constant sulfur content independent of the organic carbon content. By the contrast, the mid-early Hirnantian deposits generally have low FeHR/FeT ratios （0.10-0.35; avg. 0.21）, low DOP values （0.11- 0.40; avg. 0.28）, and SIC values are clustering on the normal marine value （SIC = 0.36）. The late Hirnantian and early Rhuddanian deposits, similar to those of the Middle Ashgill deposits, are characterized by high FeHR/FeT ratios （0.32-0.49; avg. 0.41）, high DOP values （0.46-0.68; avg. 0.53） and fairly constant sulfur contents. These data suggest the occurrences of marine anoxia on the Yangtze Sea shelf during intervals of the Mid Ashgill, Late Hirnantian and Early Rhuddanian, and ventilated and oxygenated marine conditions during the mid-early Hirnantian time. The mid-early Hirnantian ventilated event was concomitant with the global glacial period, likely resulted from the glacio-eustatic sea-level fall and subsequent circulation of cold, dense oxygenated waters     

基于穆斯堡尔谱技术的铁化学种及其在相关表生地球科学研究中的应用

由于铁元素分布的广泛性和化学反应的活泼性,它在地球科学研究中具有极为重要的应用意义。与其他多种方法相比较,穆斯堡尔技术是铁元素化学种检测最为有效的方法之一,许多研究结果显示铁元素化学种在相关表生坩球科学研究中的应用前景广阔,例如滑坡带地球化学、湖泊沉积环境、岩石光谱特征、重金属污染沉积物及其环境修复技术等。     

胶东海阳所超镁铁岩中强亲铁元素的地球化学特征及其构造环境探讨

强亲铁元素与亲石元素具有不同的地球化学行为，因此能够从不同的角度为造山带中超镁铁岩的成因及演化提供重要信息。位于苏鲁造山带东北端的胶东海阳所超镁铁岩主要由橄榄岩和辉石岩组成，它们常以团块状赋存于花岗质片麻岩中。虽然前人对这些超镁铁岩已经开展大量岩石学研究，但关于其成因及构造属性仍存在较大争议。本文开展了海阳所超镁铁岩的全岩主微量元素、强亲铁元素及Re-Os同位素的分析工作，结果显示蛇纹石化橄榄岩具有较高的MgO和Fe₂O₃^T含量，较低的Al₂O₃、TiO₂和CaO含量，明显富集流体迁移元素（U、Pb），亏损高场强元素（Zr、Hf），强亲铁元素没有发生明显分异，但Ru显示正异常，表明海阳所蛇纹石化橄榄岩是经历了低-中等程度部分熔融及熔/流体交代作用影响的残余地幔橄榄岩。海阳所辉石岩的主量元素表现出明显的结晶分异特征，稀土元素较原始地幔富集，铂族元素（PGEs）含量较低且发生了明显的分异，表明辉石岩的地幔源区经历过高程度的部分熔融和硫化物的分离。海阳所蛇纹石化橄榄岩的Os同位素地球化学特征表现出大洋亲和性，与辉石岩不具有熔体-残留体的关系。由于该地区发育较深层次的韧性剪切带，蛇纹石化橄榄岩中的橄榄石与辉石表现出韧性变形的特征，同时有辉石岩侵入到橄榄岩的现象，表明该地区的蛇纹石化地幔橄榄岩与辉石岩既不同时，也不同源，因此，暗示了该套岩石组合可能形成于大洋核杂岩（OCC）与洋脊型蛇绿岩（MOR）堆晶岩交互发育环境。     

XANES analysis of the mechanisms of arsenic removal in biological iron and manganese treatment unit

Biological iron and manganese removal utilizing indigenous iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria （IRB hereafter） in groundwater can also be applied to arsenic removal according to our pilot-scale test. The arsenic removal probably occurred through sorption and complexation of arsenic to iron and manganese oxides formed by enzymic action of IRB. We investigated the chemical properties of iron and manganese oxides in IRB floc and the valence state of arsenic sorbed to the floc to clarify the mechanisms of the arsenic [especially As （Ⅲ）] removal. The floc samples were collected from two drinking water plants using IRB （Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama, Japan）, and our pilot - scale test site where arsenic and iron removal using IRB is under way （Mukoh, Japan）. The Jyoyo and Yamatokoriyama IRB floc samples were subjected to As （Ⅲ） and As（Ⅴ） sorption experiments. The elemental composition of the floc samples was measured. XANES spectra were collected on As, Fe and Mn K-edges at synchrotron radiation facility Spring 8 （Hyogo, Japan）. FT-IR and the X-ray diffraction spectra of the samples were also obtained. The IRB floc contained ca. 35 % Fe, 0.3%-3.5% Mn and 2%-6% P. The samples were highly amorphous and contained ferrihidrites and hydrated iron phosphate. According to XANES analyses of IRB, As associated with IRB was in ＋5 valence state when As （Ⅲ） （or As （Ⅴ）） was added in laboratory sorption test, Fe in ＋3 valence state, and Mn a mixture of＋3 and ＋4 valence states. Small shift was observed in the XANES spectra of IRB on As K-edge as the equilibration time of the sorption experiment was increased. Gradual oxidation of a small amount of As （Ⅲ） associated with IRB or change in arsenic binding with sorption site were the probable mechanism.     

磁铁石英岩型铁矿岩芯光谱编录研究

 对河北省昌黎县闫庄铁矿床的磁铁石英岩型铁矿石261件样品进行了光谱反射率测量，并与其铁含量进行了相关关系研究，目 的是对钻孔岩芯编录的新方法即高光谱岩芯编录在此类矿床中的可行性进行分析。研究结果表明，铁矿石反射率较低，一般为5%~20% ，铁离子的吸收峰主要表现在400~1 100 nm范围内，铁矿石中铁含量与850~900 nm的反射率均值呈现显著指数负相关关系，为高光谱 岩芯编录在此类矿床中的可行性提供了理论依据和技术途径。     

北祁连山地区成矿环境和成矿旋回特征

通过北祁连山地区成矿环境和成矿旋回的地质地球化学研究,得出北祁连山成矿旋回是地幔软流圈物质运动的结果,每种成矿环境都是地幔演化的阶段性的具体表现.认为洋脊热液型铁铜矿床是北祁连山最有远景的找矿类型.     

洋中脊热液铁铜矿床的地球化学特征

北祁连山地区洋中脊热液铁铜矿床是局部地幔固化周期形成的.从区域到矿床形成了与一般热液矿床差异较大的地球化学异常.主要研究了北祁连山铁铜矿矿集区、矿田和矿床的地球化学异常,揭示了元素的空间分带规律.为进一步探讨北祁连山的洋中脊热液矿床的成矿规律提供了区域地球化学和矿床地球化学证据.     

铁对化学光谱法测定痕量金、铂、钯的干扰及消除

三正辛胺负载泡塑富集 ,化学光谱法测定痕量金、铂、钯时 ,微量的铁即产生干扰。实验证明 ,氟化氢铵 草酸络合法可有效消除 Fe3 ≤ 15 0 0 mg时的干扰 ,先用碘化钾还原 ,再氟化氢铵络合 ,不仅能有效地除去铁的干扰 ,还能提高铂、钯的回收率     

中国首例铁氧化物-铜-金-铀-稀土型矿床的厘定及其成矿演化

通过对拉拉矿床物共生组合、矿物生成顺序、矿石特征的研究，发现其矿石物以磁铁矿为主，铁和铜的硫化物次之，并含有大量稀土矿物和自然金。拉拉矿床至少经历了两期成矿作用：早期为区域变质成矿作用，晚期为热液成矿作用。早期形成Fe-REE-P矿化，晚期为Cu-Mo-Au-Co-(U)矿化。根据这些特征，首次指出该矿床属于铁氧化物-铜-金-铀-稀土型矿床，而不是以往所称的块状硫化物型铜矿。     

西藏蛇绿岩中二种合金矿物新变种

在西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带的东部，距拉萨200km的泽当罗莎蛇绿岩的铬铁矿中，发现有种类繁多的合金矿物，铬铁镍矿和依铁镍矿就是其中二种。铬铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.41Fe0.35Cr0.24，为等轴晶系，空间群为Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.35622(2)nm。铱铁镍矿分子式：Ni0.66Fe0.18Ir0.16，属等轴晶系，空间群Oh^5-Fm3m，晶胞参数a=0.46486(4)mm。