商业平板式超滤膜包完整性检验：对海洋胶体生物地球化学研究的启示

The performance and integrity of a cassette cross-flow ultrafilter(Pellicon 2, Millipore) are examined with a suite of macromolecules of different molecular masses. The retention coefficient during the cross-flow ultrafiltration experiments increases with increasing molecular mass and reaches 90% with 10 kDa dextran in both milli-Q water and ultrafiltered seawater media. Based on a 90% retention coefficient, the molecular mass cut-off for the ultrafiltration membrane is defined at 10 kDa, which is ten times(1 kDa) that rated by the manufacturer. To further validate the accuracy of the laboratory calibration, the samples from the lower Zhujiang River and the Jiulong River Estuary are ultrafiltered with the cassette ultrafiltration membrane and the colloidal organic carbon abundances in these samples are quantified with the ultrafiltration permeation model based on time series permeation subsamples. The colloidal organic carbon abundances are 5.8%–21.1% in the Jiulong River Estuary and 5.6%–11.0% in the lower Zhujiang River. These are consistent with the reported values for both estuaries as well as with the colloidal organic carbon abundances in marine environments over the coastal and open oceans with 10 kDa cut-off membranes. Therefore, these field data support the laboratory calibration result and indicate the validity of the experimental and quantification procedure adopted. The discrepancy between the nominal molecular mass cut-off and the actual pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane should be of great concern for research in colloidal and nanoparticle biogeochemistry. Careful examination of the membrane integrity should be taken during ultrafiltration experiments in order to avoid misleading molecular mass cut-off information.     

基于分段副产物瞬时选择性的反应器网络综合

针对第三类反应体系的反应器网络综合问题,提出将串联反应以反应物到目的产物的反应步数为依据的新分段策略。通过比较不分段目的产物、不分段目的产物和中间产品、分段副产物和分段目的产物这四种不同的瞬时选择性,提出以分段副产物瞬时选择性为参数,以其对关键组分浓度或转化率的导数为依据选择各阶段最合适的反应器,以目的产物总选择性最大为目标采用遗传算法优化反应器网络。通过三个实例验证了本文所建立方法在解决复杂反应反应器网络综合问题的有效性,且本方法同样适用于简单反应体系。     

青石斑鱼视网膜运动反应产生机制

青石斑鱼(Epine phelus awoara)视网膜色素上皮(REP)和视锥细胞中有微丝和微管分布.应用微丝、微管抑制因子--细胞松驰素B和秋水仙素研究肌动蛋白微丝和微管在REP色素颗粒及视锥运动中的作用,发现青石斑鱼REP色素颗粒的聚集和扩散都需要微管参加,暗适应聚集状态的维持则否;色素颗粒的扩散运动和明适应扩散状态的维持,依赖肌动蛋白的机制,而色素颗粒的聚集运动和暗适应时聚集状态的维持则不需这一机制.视锥肌样体的伸长与微管有关.暗诱导的视锥肌样体伸长可被秋水仙素阻断;视锥肌样体收缩依赖于肌动球蛋白机制.     

海水中镉（Ⅱ）与水合氧化钛无机离子交换反应的研究

海洋化学研究的一个主要内容是海水中元素的迁移和变化规律的探索。已经发现，这是与海水中的水合氧化物、粘土矿物和若干有机物之间的离子交换作用密切相关的。在本文中无机离子交换剂是水合氧化钛，金属元素为镉，作为这一方面系统研究工作(在这系列工作中，     

山东紫露草对诱变剂的过敏性

美国产紫露草(Tradescantia paludosa)的微核(MCN)技术用于监测环境污染物已是熟知的有效手段，山东紫露草即毛萼紫露草(Tradescantia reflexa)对环境污染物的敏感性如何，未见报道。本实验的目的在探测这两种植物的染色体对环境污染     

Nonlinear Static Finite Element Stress Analysis of Pipe-in-Pipe Risers

Owing to the complexity of the pipe-in-pipe (PIP) riser system in structure, load and restraint, many problems arise in the structural analysis of the system. This paper presents a new method for nonlinear static finite element stress analysis of the PIP riser system. The finite element (FE) model of the PIP riser system is built via software AutoPIPE 6.1. According to the specialties of a variety of components in the PIP riser system, different elements are used so as to model the system accurately. Allowing for the complication in modeling the effects of seabed restraint, a technique based on the bilinear spring concept is developed to calculate the soil properties. Then, based on a pipeline project, the entire procedure of stress analysis is discussed in detail, including creation of an FE model, processing of input data and analysis of results. A wide range of loading schemes is investigated to ascertain that the stresses remain within the acceptable range of the pipe material strength. Finally, the effects of the location of flanges, the thermal expansion of submarine pipelines and the seabed restraint on stress distribution in the riser and expansion loop are studied, which are valuable for pipeline designers.     

重金属海绵

19世纪末,铜矿开采工业遗留下大量含有害金属的废弃物,包括As、Pb及其他重金属。仅在美国,就有300多平方英里的土壤和水被污染。最近发现一种矿物能快速清除这种污染物质。     

超乎寻常的忍耐

怀孕的雌海龟能够强忍着鲨鱼的猛烈侵袭带来的剧烈痛苦,一些海龟个体表现出超乎正常的胁迫反应,尽管带着严重的伤痛,它们仍能尽力到达岸边成功筑巢产卵。     

含氮气体在海盐表面的非均相反应对中国近海大气氮干沉降的影响

通过改进WRF-CMAQ大气化学传输模型的非均相反应模块,模拟了2014年春季(4月28日～5月18日)中国东部沿海和近海海域大气中含氮物质的浓度和干沉降通量,分析了含氮气体在海盐表面的非均相反应过程对含氮物质浓度、相态分配和干沉降通量的贡献。模拟结果表明,海盐表面含氮气体的非均相反应使得渤海、黄海、东海等近海海域大气中NO_2、N_2O_5、HNO_3气体向粗颗粒NO~-_3(NO~-_(3coarse))转化,模拟期间三种气体平均浓度分别降低了0.4%～5.2%、4.7%～18.2%和9.2%～15.6%,NO~-_(3coarse)平均浓度增加了25.3%～35.1%;受含氮物质相态变化的影响,总无机氮日均干沉降通量在渤黄东海大气中增加了1.5%～3.7%,其中NO~-_(3coarse)日均干沉降通量增加27.6%～52.4%,而HNO_3和N_2O_5气体日均干沉降通量分别减少9.6%～16.0%和12.3%～23.9%。污染天气条件下,总无机氮干沉降受非均相反应的影响较干洁天气更加显著,渤海、黄海、东海总无机氮日均干沉降通量可提高4.2%～17.1%,分别为干洁天气条件下的2.3、2.9和1.9倍。     

褐藻酸丙二酯的试制

褐藻酸丙二酯(Propylene glycol alginate)是褐藻酸的衍生物，由褐藻酸与环氧丙烷合成。1950年左右由美国克尔柯(Kelco)公司试制成功，1960年前后日本在这方面作了更进一步的研究，并作为商品在市场出售。它呈粉末状，无毒性，易溶于水，水溶液有一定的粘度，对酸、盐及各种金属离子等均较稳定，又因其本身有一定的亲水基及亲油基，