Early Cambrian Ichnofossils from the Mussoorie Syncline and revision of Trace Fossil Biozonation of the Lesser Himalaya,India

A new locality bearing ichnofossils of the Cruziana Assemblage Zone-Ⅲ from the Mussoorie syncline,Lesser Himalaya,is located in rocks of Member-B of the Dhaulagiri Formation,Tal Group,exposed along the Maldewta-Chhimoli fresh road cut section.The site yielded ichnofossils Bergaueria perata,Cochlichnus anguineus,？Diplocraterion isp.,Dimorphichnus obliquus,diplichnitiform Cruziana bonariensis,Diplichnites gouldi,Glockeria isp.,Helminthopsis isp.,Monomorphichnus lineatus,Phycodes palmatum,Palaeophycus striatus,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites montanus,Treptichnus cf.T.pedum,scratch marks and an undetermined worm impression.An Early Cambrian age （Cambrian Series 2） is assigned to the ichnofossil-bearing strata based on the stratigraphic position between the Drepanuroides and Palaeoolenus trilobite zones.A revised Cambrian ichnofossil zonation is presented for the Tal Group of the Mussoorie syncline.Together with their occurrence on rippled surfaces,and the lateral displacement of some trackways （due to current action）,a sub-aqueous shallow-marine depositional setting is proposed for the rocks of Member-B.     

山东潍北凹陷古近系孔店组一段特征及沉积演化

综合运用岩心、钻井、测井及地震资料,对潍北凹陷古近系孔一段的地层特征及沉积演化进行研究。结果表明：潍北凹陷孔店组一段可以划分为3个亚段、11个砂层组。在西部鄌郚—葛沟断裂和东部昌邑—大店断裂控制下,地层东西向发育稳定,仅在北部洼陷带地层显著加厚;在北部古城—潍河口断层控制下,地层向南部超覆,地层由北向南变薄。潍北凹陷孔店组一段主要发育扇三角洲相和湖泊相,南部斜坡带发育小范围三角洲相。孔一下亚段,物源供给充足,北部洼陷带、瓦城断阶带和灶户断鼻带发育大规模的扇三角洲相;孔一中亚段,湖盆水体变浅,物源供给减少,北部洼陷带、瓦城断阶带和灶户断鼻带继承性发育扇三角洲相,但分布范围变小;孔一上亚段,湖盆水体最浅,物源供给少,全区发育滨浅湖亚相,仅在央斜4井区和昌11井区发育小范围的扇三角洲相沉积。     

印度-亚洲大陆碰撞过程中新特提斯洋岩石圈的命运

印度-亚洲大陆碰撞之后的新特提斯洋板片的断离过程及其产生的岩浆作用一直是青藏高原南部地质研究中受到广泛关注但存在极大争议的问题.分析了青藏高原南部拉萨地块上新特提斯洋板片断离存在的问题,总结了目前用于限制板片断离过程的岩石学方法.对拉萨地块南部典型地区早新生代镁铁质岩石开展了详细的地质年代学、主微量元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学分析,厘定了~57 Ma和~50 Ma与新特提斯洋板片断离过程密切相关的两套岩石.~57 Ma的镁铁质岩石显示出高的Zr/Y和Ti/Y比值,不同于拉萨地块南部广泛分布的岛弧岩浆地球化学特征,表明它们形成于板内伸展背景下,很可能代表了新特提斯板片断离的开始.~50 Ma的镁铁质岩石为富闪深成岩,反映了印度-亚洲大陆碰撞后南拉萨地块岩石圈中的富水环境,暗示大洋板片断离后仍然持续释放流体至上覆岩石圈地幔中.结合拉萨地块上已有的镁铁质岩石的年代学和地球化学数据,重建了新特提斯洋在印度-亚洲大陆碰撞之后从初始撕裂至板片完全断离的全过程,即新特提斯板片在~57 Ma开始发生初始撕裂,随后以高角度俯冲并与印度大陆岩石圈脱离,导致中拉萨和南拉萨地块同时出现广泛的镁铁质岩浆作用,在~50 Ma大洋板片完全断离.拉萨地块内部岩石圈地幔地球化学组成存在极大的不均一性,中拉萨地块和南拉萨地块东部的局部地区存在古老的岩石圈物质组成,而南拉萨地块中部主要为亏损的岩石圈.拉萨地块内局部古老富集岩石圈可能受到新特提斯洋板片断离后深部地幔物质上涌的影响转变为新生的亏损岩石圈,这一过程很可能促进了拉萨地块的中酸性岩浆大爆发作用和大陆地壳生长.      

强迫和惯性不稳定对流发展在印度夏季风爆发过程中的作用

利用NCEP/NCAR R1再分析资料,分析了阿拉伯海上空对流层低层惯性不稳定现象对印度夏季风爆发过程的影响,揭示了纬向地转动量的纬向平流在惯性不稳定中的重要作用.研究表明,在印度夏季风爆发过程中,由于强烈的跨赤道气压梯度,对流层低层的绝对涡度零线(η=0)在阿拉伯海南部上空自赤道向北推进,从而在北半球近赤道区域形成负绝对涡度区,该区域表现出明显的自由惯性不稳定.在摩擦作用下,当气流自南向北通过这一区域时,在绝对涡度零线北侧出现低层辐合中心,有利于低纬度对流发展.然而这种经典的惯性不稳定对流只出现在近赤道地区,对印度季风爆发的直接影响不明显.另一方面在η=0线北侧海平面低压中心南部,尽管该区域大气处于惯性稳定状态,低空西风气流的发展造成明显的纬向地转动量的纬向平流.理论和诊断分析表明,该纬向地转动量平流与南北方向海陆热力差异沿着纬圈非均匀分布密切相关,它引起低空辐合中心出现在印度大陆西南海岸低空急流附近及其北侧,为印度夏季风爆发提供有利的低空环流条件.说明春末夏初阿拉伯海地区低层对流的发展除了受摩擦惯性不稳定影响外,更受到海陆热力差异纬向分布不均匀的强烈影响.此外,在印度夏季风爆发前,对流层高层的南亚高压东伸发展,将中纬度高位涡输送到阿拉伯海上空,形成局地"喇叭口"状流场,产生明显的高空抽吸作用,为夏季风的爆发推进提供了有利的高空背景条件.当其与南北海陆热力对比的纬向差异所强迫的低空辐合中心在印度大陆西南海岸附近垂直耦合引起大气斜压不稳定发展时,激发了印度夏季风爆发.     

辽河油田西部凹陷沙河街组远岸浊积扇

以钻井岩芯、测井和地震资料为基础，分析了辽河油田西部凹陷西斜坡沙河街组远岸浊积扇的沉积相、测井相和地震相特征，认为中扇辫状水道沉积区以其分布范围广、厚度大、储集性最好等特征而成为远岸浊积扇最重要的骨架砂体和油气储集单元，总结远岸浊积扇的时空分布规律与构造沉降的关系，确定沙三上、中、下各亚段中的远岸浊积扇虽具不同的沉积演化特征，但总体上具有从沙三下亚段到上亚段中扇辫状水道沉积区面积逐渐增大，并向洼陷方向迁移加厚的趋势，通过上述分析，为进一步确定该区远岸浊积扇生储盖组合规律和进行有利储集相带的预测及评价奠定了良好的基础。     

格尔木冲洪积扇地下水锶物质流通量分析

在分析格尔木含锶矿水田供锶环境和水迁移条件的基础上，将形成含锶矿水田的地质空间分为两个区：山区淋溶迁移区和平原迁移聚集区，运用物质流通量分析的观点，对锶的迁移聚集进行了系统分析，山区为锶矿水的形成提供了物质环境，平原区为锶矿水提供了贮存环境。     

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India

The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(°C) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm-3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm-3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.     

冈底斯地区林子宗群火山岩岩石地球化学特征及地球动力学意义

错卧莫-惩香错火山-沉积盆地位于西藏冈底斯陆块中部南缘。盆地内火山-沉积地层称古新世-渐新世林子宗群，岩石地球化学数据分析表明：这套火山岩系属钙碱性系列，轻稀土富集，不同程度表现出负Eu、负Ce、负Nb异常。微量元素K、Rb、Th、Ce富集，Sr、Ba，尤其是Nb、P、Ti亏损。初步认为这套火山-沉积岩系形成于俯冲造弧的构造背景中，是来自于俯冲带的地幔源区基性分异岩浆与陆壳重熔的酸性岩浆在不同的时间段内，按不同的比例混合形成的。同时，俯冲板块上深海沉积物与基性岩浆混合作用也是不容忽视的因素。在综合分析基础上，笔者认为印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞启动时间在45Ma以后。     

Mega-Tsunami of 26th December, 2004： Indian initiative for early warning system and mitigation of oceanogenic hazards

The 26th December 2004 earthquake of Mw 9.3 is the second largest earthquake ever to have been recorded.This generated a tsunami which affected several Asian countries. In India, the Andaman & Nicobar group of islands, and coastal states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala were severely affected. Here, we briefly provide an outline of the approach taken by India for an early warning system for mitigation of oceanogenic disasters.