关于GIS空间信息共享的若干再思考

空间信息共享是一个涉及理论、技术、标准与环境的综合的复杂问题。其中,空间数据模型理论是内在的核心要素,共享技术、空间信息标准与政策法规环境则是外在的必要条件。综合论述各要素的内涵、发展与重要意义,得出结论：综合、集成、分布式的海量空间数据模型亟待突破,网络、网格与数据库技术需与空间信息技术进一步融合,开放环境下的空间数据标准需要整合与完善,并呼吁理性的政策法规等社会环境。     

大型CORS网基线向量的分布式处理

信息技术的发展极大地推动了CORS站网数据处理理论与应用的研究进展。本文针对单机处理大型CORS网基线时站点规模受限和时效性差的问题,研究了基线解算的分布式处理流程和方法。应用分布式文件系统(HDFS)建立了CORS网数据的分布式存储和传输功能,基于Bernese处理引擎(BPE)实现了Bernese 5.0功能模块的并行化调用,基于Ambizap算法建立了分布式PPP解算和分布式独立基线解算的基线向量整网解算方法。算例表明,8个节点处理109个测站1 d的30 s采样间隔观测数据,比单机集中处理的加速比提高了6倍。     

The Dynamical Characteristics and Wave Structure of Typhoon Rananim （2004）

Typhoon Rananim (2004) was one of the severest typhoons landfalling the Chinese mainland from 1996 to 2004. It brought serious damage and induced prodigious economical loss. Using a new generation of mesoscale model, named the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling system, with 1.667 km grid horizontal spacing on the finest nested mesh, Rananim was successfully simulated in terms of track, intensity, eye, eyewall, and spiral rainbands. We compared the structures of Rananim to those of hurricanes in previous studies and observations to assess the validity of simulation. The three-dimensional (3D) dynamic and thermal structures of eye and eyewall were studied based on the simulated results. The focus was investigation of the characteristics of the vortex Rossby waves in the inner-core region. We found that the Rossby vortex waves propagate azimuthally upwind against the azimuthal mean tangential flow around the eyewall, and their period was longer than that of an air parcel moving within the azimuthal mean tangential flow. They also propagated outward against the boundary layer inflow of the azimuthal mean vortex. Futhermore, we studied the connection between the spiral potential vorticity (PV) bands and spiral rainbands, and found that the vortex Rossby waves played an important role in the formation process of spiral rainbands.     

Development of RAMS-CMAQ to Simulate Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing and Its Application to East Asia

The air quality modeling system RAMS （Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）-CMAQ （Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality） is developed to simulate the aerosol optical depth （AOD） and aerosol direct forcing （DF）. The aerosol-specific extinction, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor are parameterized based on Mie theory taking into account the aerosol size distribution, composition, refractive index, and water uptake of solution particles. A two-stream solar radiative model considers all gaseous molecular absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and aerosols and clouds. RAMSCMAQ is applied to simulate all major aerosol concentrations （e.g., sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic carbon, black carbon, fine soil, and sea salt） and AOD and DF over East Asia in 2005. To evaluate its performance, the simulated AOD values were compared with ground-based in situ measurements. The comparison shows that RAMSCMAQ performed well in most of the model domain and generally captured the observed variations. High AOD values （0.2-1.0） mainly appear in the Sichuan Basin as well as in central and southeastern China. The geographic distribution of DF generally follows the AOD distribution patterns, and the DF at the top-of-the-atmosphere is less than -25 and -20 W m^-2 in clear-sky and all-sky over the Sichuan Basin. Both AOD and DF exhibit seasonal variations with lower values in July and higher ones in January. The DF could obviously be impacted by high cloud fractions.     

Study on visualization of virtual city model based on internet

With the rapid development of computer graphics, distributed-computing and Internet, it is possible to achieve Internet-based virtual city. This paper dwells on the method of the terrain and its feature modeling and complex entity modeling in the virtual city. Then, discusses the method for Internet-based virtual city 3D visualization and the design of the Browser/Server architecture of the system of virtual city in the network environment. Finally, Java and Java 3D are used to show an experiment example, and the related conclusion about Internet-based virtual city 3D displaying and the client-side interactive operation is given.     

数字与模拟地震观测系统拾震能力的对比分析

研究的区域为内蒙古中西部地区(38°～43°N,104°～116°E)。通过对数字地震观测技术系统(简称"数字系统")、模拟地震观测技术系统(简称"模拟系统")同步观测记录的对比,可以看到,数字系统在判断震相初动方面有着明显的优势;检测地震的能力明显高于模拟系统;在测定地震发震时刻、震中位置等方面,与模拟系统存在一些偏差,但差异并不很大,因此数字系统目录与模拟系统目录能够基本衔接。     

基于CORBA技术的WebGIS应用模型

文章对WebGIS解决方案的发展趋势CORBA技术作了较为全面的探讨；并把CORBA技术和其它分布式对象技术作了比较，而且给出符合CORBA规范的GIS应用框架。     

网上即插即用技术:JINI

JINI是美国SUN Microsystems公司推出的一种基于Java的分布式计算环境。作者在文中介绍了Jini产生的背景,对其组成成份、技术构架和关键概念逐一进行了详细说明,并着重分析了Jini技术对于实现“网络即插即用”的支持。     

多层体系GIS与模型集成研究

在GIS软件开发领域，组件技术是GIS软件发展的潮流。随着分布式计算技术的完善，基于组件GIS(ComGIS)和WebGIS的多层体系GIS体系结构和系统集成技术的研究和开发成为GIS领城关注的焦点。系统地探讨了GIS软件技术体系和模型集成技术的发展，对多层体系GIS的关键技术以及模型集成技术作了进一步的研究，提出Web环境下多层体系GIS的Browser／Server模型，并提出了多层体系GIS的模型集成技术。     

山西数字台网同一台址数字与模拟观测系统的震级对比研究

将同一台址同一地震不同观测系统所测的数字震级与模拟震级进行统计，作回归分析，计算两者之间的相关值，比较它们的差异性。结果表明，模拟震级与数字震级相关程度较好，数字震级完全可以替代模拟震级。