Screening and molecular classification of low-temperature protease from Antarctic microorganism and its characterization

107 strains producing protease were screened from 260 strains of Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria, among which proteolytic activity of five strains was more than 45 U ml^-1. The 16S rRNA gcne sequences homology and phylogcnetic analysis of five Antarctic psychrophillc bacteria showed that NJ276, NJS-9, NJ16-70,NJ345 belonged tO the described genus Pseudoalteromonas and NJ341 belonged to the genus Colwellia. The growth and the protease characteristic of four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria had been studied, and the result showed that the 6ptimal temperature for growth and protease-produeing of four strains was about 10℃. Their growth and protease-produeing were still high during incubatlng 2-5 days. The maximum proteolytic activity occurred at pH 9 for four Antarctic psychrophilic bacteria. The optimal temperature of protease action of both strains NJ276 and NJ5-9 was about 50℃, however, the optimal temperature of protease aetlon of both strains NJ341 and NJ345 was about 40 ℃, and their proteolytic activity under 0℃ exhibited nearly 30% of the maximum activity, but their thermal stabilities were weaker. These results indicated that proteases from NJ341 and NJ345 were low-temperature proteases.     

MOLECULAR TAXONOMY OF SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES IN SCLERACTINIAN CORALS

通过nlsrDNA（nuclearlarge．subunitribosomalDNA）及nssrDNAfnuclearsmall．subunitri．bosomalDNA）的PCR—RFLP研究广东徐闻地区8科15属25种62个造礁石珊瑚样本的共生藻。结果表明,共生藻nlsrDNA的RsaI酶切基因型只存在一种,属于C系群共生藻;而nssrDNA的MobI和TaqI两种酶切都存在两种基因型。实验进一步通过PCR直接测序法得到62个造礁石珊瑚样品的共生藻ITS序列,与GenBank上的4种虫黄藻ITS序列构建Neighbor．Joining系统发育树,结果表明该区的造礁石珊瑚共生两种不同种类（亚系群）的共生藻,分别为c1亚系群与C15亚系群共生藻,两个亚系群间的遗传距离为0．019。广东徐闻地区造礁石珊瑚共生藻多样性偏低,暗示该地区珊瑚礁生态系统应对环境变化的能力可能较弱。     

西太平洋富钴结壳超微化石与分子化石地层划分及对比

对具典型三层构造的西太平洋海山群富钴结壳样品进行了钙质超微化石地层学研究,获取了富钴结壳从内层致密层、中间疏松层到外层较致密层的生长时代:CM1D03为晚古新世-早始新世、始新世中期、中中新世-更新世;CM3D06分为晚古新世-早始新世、中始新世-晚中新世、上新世-更新世。对富钴结壳壳层的甾烷系列分子(C27、C28、C29)进行了检测并计算了相对含量,结果表明,两块富钴结壳的甾烷分布构型在结壳生长时代上具有一致性:晚古新世-早始新世,呈反"L"型分布;中始新世呈C27优势的"V"型分布;中新世-更新世呈C29优势的"V"型分布。甾烷分布构型的变化与古海洋环境演化造成的海底甾烷输入波动有关,具有一定的时代特征钙质超微化石和分子化石地层学划分方法在富钴结壳层主要生长时代及生长间断的界定上具有一致性,可以用于富钴结壳的地层划分和对比。     

睡莲类植物ITS nrDNA序列的分子系统发育分析

睡莲类植物是目前植物分子系统学与进化研究的一个重要类群。核基因组的ITS区是核核糖体（nrDNA)转录单位的一部分。测定和分析了5个属的7种睡莲类植物的核核糖体ITS序列，并与GenBank中提取的相关序列进行了组合分析，初步获得了睡莲类植物的2个ITS系统树，结果也支持现有分子系统学研究中有关金鱼藻处于较原始位置的观点。     

内异方对子宫内膜异位症ICAM-1的影响

目的：探讨内异方对大鼠子宫内膜异位症细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）的影响。方法：采用自体子宫内膜移植法制备大鼠子宫内膜异位症模型,将其分为内异方高、中、低剂量组（予内异方药液干预,给药剂量分别为15 g/kg、7.5 g/kg、3.75 g/kg）,阳性组（予达那唑胶囊药液干预,给药剂量为36 mg/kg）,模型组和假手术组（均灌胃等体积溶媒）,灌胃4 w。采用光镜观察异位内膜的病理组织变化,并评价病变分级,采用免疫组化法检测异位内膜组织的ICAM-1阳性表达。结果：模型组大鼠异位内膜体积大,腺体数量较多,间质层丰富,有大量炎性细胞浸润;内异方各剂量组大鼠的异位内膜有不同程度的萎缩,体积均较模型组显著缩小,间质炎性细胞数量较少。与模型组相比,内异方各剂量组病变分级程度均明显减轻,异位内膜组织的ICAM-1表达均明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。结论：内异方具有治疗子宫内膜异位症的作用,其作用机制可能与抑制异位子宫内膜在盆腹腔处的黏附等有关。     

海绵共栖细菌抗菌活性及其群体感应信号的研究

利用平板涂布法从南海海绵生物样品中分离海绵共栖细菌,以枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及酿酒酵母作为实验用指示菌对海绵共栖细菌进行了抗菌活性筛选。利用气相质谱联用仪(GC-MS)建立了群体感应信号分子酰基高丝氨酸内酯类化合物(AHLs)的检测方法,分析了活性菌株粗提液中信号分子的产生及种类。同时采用16S rDNA同源性和系统发育分析对活性菌株进行种属鉴定和系统发生学研究。结果表明,在分离到的94株海绵共栖细菌中18株(占19.1%)细菌具有抗菌活性。通过GC-MS检测确定大多数活性菌株都含有AHLs,因此提出了海绵共栖细菌抗菌活性与群体感应之间可能存在必然联系的推测。通过细菌分类鉴定,结果显示具有抗菌活性的细菌大部分属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。     

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development： Different Isolation Methods, Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology, quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to select several versatile, low-cost, efficient and time- and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study, we used Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency, while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time- and cost-saving, it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers, mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study, we recommend two methods, microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method, for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the mi-crosatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.     

2001-2010改变世界的十大发现

美国《科学》杂志按惯例在年末一期推出了本年度的十大科学进展,国内外许多媒介都在第一时间对此作了介绍。而在同一期的《科学》上,还有一档好看的内容就是该刊列出并介绍了刚刚过去的本世纪的第一个十年中的十大科学发现,被《科学》杂志称之为“洞察力”产物的这十大发现包括：暗基因组、精密宇宙学、古生物分子、火星上的水、细胞重编程、微生物组、外行星、炎症、超材料和气候变化。     

地幔以下或藏巨大水库超出地面海洋总和

<正>科学家发现地幔下有个巨大水库,认为它可能比地球上所有海洋的总和还大。加拿大研究人员说,对一种罕见矿物的分析表明,在地下400到600公里的地幔深处有个巨大水库。这和有150年历史的小说《地心之旅》遥相呼应。法国科幻小说先驱儒勒·凡尔纳在这部小说中说,在地球深处有一片茫茫大海。加拿大研究人员在《自然》杂志上说,证明地下隐藏着一个巨大水库的证据来自一种叫尖晶橄榄石的