《干旱气象》征稿简则

《干旱气象》主要刊载干旱气象及相关领域学科有一定创造性的学术论文、研究综述、简评,国内外干旱气象发展动态综合评述、学术争鸣以及相关学术活动。 具体包括：国内外重大干旱事件分析、全球及干旱区气候变化、干旱气象灾害评估及对策研究、水文与水资源、生态与环境、农业与气象、可再生能源开发与利用、地理信息与遥感技术的应用等。本刊还免费刊载干旱气象研究成果、研究报道、学术活动、会议消息等。     

Water discharge variability of Changjiang （Yangtze） and Huanghe （Yellow） Rivers and its response to climatic changes

Influences of large-scale climatic phenomena, such as the E1Nifio/La Nifia-Southem Oscillation （ENSO） and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, on the temporal variations of the annual water discharge at the Lijin station in the Huanghe （Yellow） River and at the Datong station in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River were examined. Using the empirical mode decomposition-maximum entropy spectral analysis （EMD- MESA） method, the 2- to 3-year, 8- to 14-year, and 23-year cyclical variations of the annual water discharge at the two stations were discovered. Based on the analysis results, the hydrological time series on the inter- annual to interdecadal scales were constructed. The results indicate that from 1950 to 2011, a significant downward trend occurred in the natural annual water discharge in Huanghe River. However, the changes in water discharge in Changjiang River basin exhibited a slightly upward trend. It indicated that the changes in the river discharge in the Huanghe basin were driven primarily by precipitation. Other factors, such as the precipitation over the Changjiang River tributaries, ice melt and evaporation contributed much more to the increase in the Changjiang River basin. Especially, the impacts of the inter-annual and inter-decadal climate oscillations such as ENSO and PDO could change the long-term patterns of precipitation over the basins of the two major rivers. Generally, low amounts of basin-wide precipitation on interannual to interdecadal scales over the two rivers corresponded to most of the warm ENSO events and the warm phases of the PDO, and vice versa. The positive phases of the PDO and ENSO could lead to reduced precipitation and consequently affect the long-term scale water discharges at the two rivers.     

云南晋宁征地冲突案:村民被强迫在补偿协议上签字

正10月14日,云南省昆明市晋宁县发生了一起当地泛亚工业品商贸物流中心项目建设方人员与部分村民因矛盾纠纷引发暴力违法犯罪行为的群体性突发事件,导致8人死亡,18人受伤的严重后果。事件处置工作立即展开。昆明市市长李文荣表示,事件发生后,迅速平息事态,避免事态进一步升级,并全力做好善后、案件侦办、正面宣传引导,耐心细致做好群众工作。昆明市委副书记、纪     

让征地工作在阳光下运行——《关于进一步做好市县征地信息公开工作有关问题的通知》解读

正阳光是最好的防腐剂,也是最让群众安心的"定心丸"。前不久,云南普宁发生的征地冲突事件,再度说明征地矛盾无不与补偿标准低、程序不规范有很大关系。"遮蔽阳光"的征地,难免引发人们的猜忌和忧虑。因此,要减少因征地引发的矛盾,必须以全面及时公开征地信息为前提,让征地工作最大程度地运行在阳光之下。近年来,中央及相关部门出台了一系列征地信息公开政策,形成了一套颇为完整的制度。然而这些政策措施还亟待地方政府高度重视,真正树立主体责     

全国极端气温事件的空间关联模式挖掘研究

根据全国739个气象台站1961年1月至2005年12月的逐日气象数据记录建立时空序列数据集,提取极端高温事件和极端低温事件。结合传统关联规则挖掘技术和地理空间数据分析方法,对极端气温事件数据集进行了空间关联模式的分析。实验结果显示,所得空间关联模式中涉及的区域在空间上具有明显的聚集性;在东北、华中两个局部地区的台站中,极端气温事件的发生存在较强的关联规则(支持度阈值6%,置信度阈值95%),而在其他区域的台站中,极端气温事件不存在类似的关联规则,且极端高温事件的关联规则数量要明显高于极端低温事件。对存在关联规则的台站进行空间分析发现,同一关联规则内的各台站具有空间邻近性,其邻近范围约为200 km。以上空间关联模式的挖掘分析,可以为我国极端气温事件的预警和防控提供有价值的参考。     

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with mei-yu torrential rainfall over eastern China during June 2011

Surface rainfall and cloud budgets associated with three heavy rainfall events that occurred over eastern China during the mei-yu season in June 2011 were analyzed using 2D cumulus ensemble model simulation data.Model domain mean rainfall showed three peaks in response to three prescribed ascending motion maxima,primarily through the mean moisture convergence during the torrential rainfall period.Prescribed ascending motion throughout the troposphere produced strong convective rainfall during the first （9 June） and third （17-18 June） rainfall events,whereas strong prescribed ascending motion in the mid and upper troposphere and weak subsidence near the surface generated equally important stratiform and convective rainfall during the second rainfall event （14 June）.The analysis of surface rainfall budgets reveals that convective rainfall was associated with atmospheric drying during the first event and moisture convergence during the third event.Both stratiform and convective rainfall responded primarily to moisture convergence during the second event.An analysis of grid data shows that the first and third mean rainfall maxima had smaller horizontal scales of the precipitation system than the second.     

新仙女木事件研究进展

发生在12.9~11.6 ka BP的一次北半球气候快速变冷——新仙女木(YD)事件在过去30年来一直是古气候研究的热点。当下由于人类活动引起全球变暖,研究类似的快速气候变化事件及其触发机制对于预测未来气候变化具有重要意义。然而时至今日,科学界对YD事件的发生时间、气候效应、触发机制及其全球性意义依然存在很大争议。对比多个高分辨率记录探讨了YD事件的发生时间及其年代学意义,详细总结了南、北半球中高纬地区及低纬地区近年来新发现的YD事件的记录及其气候效应,重点讨论了YD事件触发机制假说的发展与争议,并结合YD事件的研究现状提出了未来研究热点和重要方向。     

1637—1643年华北地区极端干旱事件中的粮食危机

粮食作为自然生态系统与社会经济系统的关联点,能够有效地揭示极端干旱事件对自然-经济-社会复合生态系统影响的过程和机理。以粮价异动为切入点,通过粮价通胀指数和“无透雨”的持续时间,分析农业旱情及其对粮食生产的影响,对1637—1643年华北地区极端干旱事件中的粮食安全进行深入剖析。结果显示:华北地区无透雨天数超过150 d,年降水量与5—9月降水量的距平值均≤-30%,水分异常短缺,土壤严重失墒,危及粮食生产安全。因此,降水量距平值≤-30%是华北地区粮食生产安全的临界阈值。此次极端干旱事件是历史同类事件之最,连续无透雨日数最长,地表径流枯竭记录最多,水资源的短缺导致伴生灾害相继发生,超过生态系统的忍耐极限,粮食生长期缩短,减产歉收,绝产绝收,粮食供给链条断裂。粮价通胀指数最低9.50,最高26.70;货币发行与粮食供给失衡,通货膨胀严重,粮价飞涨,市场倒闭,粮食安全体系崩塌,自然-经济-社会复合生态系统发生质变成为历史必然。     

基于混合逻辑动态的卫星监测调度方法

提出一种解决卫星监测调度的优化算法,将卫星监测调度问题描述为一个混合逻辑动态优化问题。将所研究的监测调度问题分为单卫星监测及多卫星协同监测的情形。在单卫星监测情形中,将卫星监测多个区域的过程描述为一个事件触发的过程,提出区域不确定度的概念来描述地面区域未被监测的时间。通过混合逻辑动态优化方法,求得使所有区域不确定度最小的多区域监测序列。在多卫星协同监测情形中,将多卫星在任务区域内的协同监测过程描述为多个不同步的事件触发过程,引入协同机制,避免了星间的决策冲突,通过混合逻辑动态优化方法,实现任务区域的高效率监测。仿真结果说明了通过本文提出的卫星监测调度方法可以保证任务区域内每个子区域被监测的时间间隔尽可能小,同时保证事故多发区域被监测的频率更高。     

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN SETTLF, MENT IN THE CHANGJIANG RIVER DELTA IN NEOLITHIC AGE

Dating data, altitude of Neolithic sites, climatic changes from sedimentary records and previous research results were collected and analyzed to detect possible connections between climatic changes and human activities in the Changjiang River Delta in the Neolithic Age. The results indicated that hydrological changes greatly impacted the human activities in the study region. Low-lying geomorphology made the floods and sea level changes become the important factors affecting human activities, especially the altitude change of human settlements. People usually moved to higher places during the periods characterized by high sea level and frequent floods to escape the negative influences from water body expansion, which resulted in cultural hiatus in certain profiles. However, some higher-altitude settlements were not the results of climatic changes but the results of social factors, such as religious ceremony and social status. Therefore, further research will be necessary for the degree and types of impacts of climatic changes on human activities in the study area at that time.