Effects of ambient DIN:DIP ratio on the nitrogen uptake of harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense in turbidistat

The effects of varying nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios on the growth and N-uptake and assimilation of the harmful dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense were examined in turbidistat culture experiments. Algal cultures were supplied with media containing PO34? in various concentrations to obtain a wide range of N:P ratios. Experiments to determine rates of N uptake and assimilation of different N sources (NO3?, NH4+, urea and glycine by P. minimum and NO3?, NH4+ by P. donghaiense) were conducted using 15N tracer techniques at each N:P ratio. The growth rates suggested nutrient limitation at both high and low N:P ratios relative to the Redfield ratio. On a diel basis, the growth of both species was regulated by the light-dark cycle, which may be a result of regulation of both light- dependent growth and light-independent nutrient uptake. Maximum growth rates of both species always occurred at the beginning of light phase. In P-rich medium (low N:P ratio), both species had higher N assimilation rates, suggesting N limitation. Low assimilation coefficients at high N:P ratios suggested P limitation of N uptake and assimilation. NO3? and NH4+ contributed more than 90% of the total N uptake of P. minimum. Reduced N sources were more quickly assimilated than NO3?. Highest average daily growth rates were recorded near an N:P ratio of 12 for both species. The N uptake rates of cultures at N:P ratios near Redfield ratio were more balanced with growth rates. The linkage between growth rates and N uptake/assimilation rates were conceptually described by the variation of cell N quota. The N:P ratios affect the N uptake and growth of Prorocentrum spp., and may regulate their bloom progression in eutrophic ecosystems.     

Allelopathic interactions between Prorocentrum micans and Skeletonema costatum or Karenia mikimotoi in laboratory cultures

Algal allelopathy is an ecological/physiological phenomenon that has focused attention on the interactions among algae and the production of algal toxins. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between the dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum micans and diatom genus Skeletonema costatum and between P. micans and dinoflagellate genus Karenia mikimotoi using bi-algal cultures. Because the effects were species-specific and size-dependent, we evaluated the effect of different initial densities. At low densities of P. micans and high densities of S. costatum inoculated into the same medium, the growth of P. micans was weakly restrained, whereas the growth of S. costatum was significantly suppressed. S. costatum and K. mikimotoi were strongly inhibited by P. micans, in both the bi-algal cultures and enriched filtrates. Direct cell-to-cell contact was not necessary to gain a competitive advantage, thus, our results suggest that P. micans inhibited the growth of S. costatum and K. mikimotoi by the release of allelochemical(s). Last, a mathematical model was used to simulate growth and interactions between P. micans and S. costatum and between P. micans and K. mikimotoi in bi-algal cultures.     

基于现场调查和MODIS卫星遥感下东海原甲藻主导的混合甲藻赤潮生消规律研究

浙江省南部沿海地区是赤潮灾害事件频发的海区之一.本研究通过现场调查以及利用搭载在极地轨道环境遥感卫星Aqua上的中等分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro Radiometer,MODIS)传感器数据,研究了2016年5月浙江南部洞头和南麂列岛附近海域东海原甲藻(Pro...     

罗源湾口柱状沉积物中的甲藻孢囊

通过对福建罗源湾口海域KMZK5柱状沉积物中甲藻孢囊的分析,共鉴定出15属30种甲藻孢囊。对比发现这30种甲藻孢囊是该湾以前未被记录的种类。其中12种是附近海域也未曾发现的种类,6种为有毒种类:缘亚历山大藻、小型亚历山大藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、具刺膝沟藻、链状裸甲藻、锥状斯氏藻.同时对甲藻孢囊的主要属种和有毒种类的丰度、分布在垂直方向上的变化特征进行了初步研究.     

新型锥形PDC齿犁削破岩理论研究

目前关于锥形PDC齿的研究主要集中于数值模拟、现场及室内试验,而关于其切削力学特性的理论分析未见相关报道。通过数值模拟阐述了锥形PDC齿拉伸剪切破岩机理,以及切削载荷分布特性;根据能量平衡原理,推导了锥形PDC齿切削载荷理论公式。结果表明,相比于常规PDC齿,锥形PDC齿破岩过程更加稳定,其切削载荷受岩石性质、齿的形状参数、切削深度以及切削角度的影响,且切削载荷随着锥顶半径、切削角度以及吃入岩石深度的增加而增加。研究成果可为锥形PDC齿及钻头的设计提供理论支撑。     

西昆仑南屏雪山地区奥陶纪弧型辉长岩的发现及其地质意义

西昆仑造山带早古生代岩浆岩记录了区内原特提斯构造演化的关键信息。近来,笔者所在课题组在西昆仑造山带南部南屏雪山地区新发现一套奥陶纪辉长岩。LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示辉长岩形成于476~471 Ma,为早奥陶世岩浆活动的产物。岩石化学特征显示,辉长岩具有高Al₂O₃（14.32%~16.91%）和TiO₂（1.20%~2.53%）,贫P₂O₅（0.22%~0.55%）和低碱（Na₂O+K₂O = 4.03%~5.84%）特征,SiO₂（52.27%~56.65%）与MgO（2.98%~7.59%）变化较大;其中部分样品表现出富Nb特征,相对高SiO₂（53.08%~56.86%）,低MgO（2.98%~6.05%）,高TiO₂（1.48%~2.54%）和Nb（7.64×10^-6~14.08×10^-6）。南屏雪山辉长岩富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Th、U、K）和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Sr等元素,表现出典型岛弧型岩浆岩特征。Sr-Nd同位素方面,南屏雪山辉长岩显示出亏损的ε_Nd（t）值（2.84~4.04）。综合研究表明,南屏雪山奥陶纪弧型辉长岩形成于受俯冲板片熔体交代的亏损地幔发生不同程度的部分熔融过程。结合区域地质特征,我们认为麻扎尔—甜水海地体内大陆弧辉长岩（约530 Ma）、富Nb弧型辉长岩（476~471 Ma）和OIB型枕状玄武岩（约465 Ma）的特殊岩石组合记录了原特提斯洋南向俯冲过程中,俯冲板片后撤诱发的弧后伸展过程。

     

伊豆-小笠原下方660km间断面的区域性差异

利用南、北加州地震台网、华盛顿州西北太平洋地震台网单分量短周期地震仪和德国、瑞士地震台网／台阵的三分量宽频带地震仪记录的1981～2000年伊豆——小笠原地区下方地震的波形资料,使用N次根倾斜叠加方法提取近源一侧来自间断面SdP转换震相,以研究660km间断面区域性差异．研究发现,自35Ｎ 到26Ｎ 的各剖面依次体现了和达 本尼奥夫带（Wadati-Benioff zone）倾角逐渐加大,且地震分布的最大深度也逐步增大,俯冲板块对660km间断面存在的影响也因此产生了差异性：没有俯冲板块影响的情况下,该间断面出现在CM）660km深度处,而受到俯冲板块明显作用的地区,则该间断面普遍出现下陷．转换点分布的一定程度分散性可能是间断面本身复杂结构、震相误判或一维球对称地球模型假定等因素造成的．这一转换点分布的分散性是一个亟需解决的问题．     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

南京栖霞山铅锌矿床成矿流体为低温、低压、低盐度、低密度、偏酸性和弱还原性的介质,成因以原生水(大气降水)为主,系陆相循环热水,由贫硫富金属的深循环水和富硫贫金属的浅循环水混合而成,从而导致了工业矿体的形成.多个成矿通道形成多个成矿中心.     

甘肃小陇山锐齿栎群落生物量特征分析

对甘肃小陇山锐齿栎群落乔木层生物量进行大量的野外调查和分析,结果表明:1.锐齿栎单一优势种混交群落生物量最大,其次为锐齿栎-鹅耳枥等小乔木混交群落,而锐齿栎单一优势种群落(纯林)生物量相对较小,杂木林群落生物量最小,其生物量比锐齿栎单一优势种混交群落低34.27%;2.锐齿栎群落乔木层的生物量增长规律为在群落发育成熟(80林龄左右)之前生物量在一直增加,到形成稳定的群落结构(成熟林),生物量趋于稳定(200 t/hm2),随群落发育进入末期,生物量有可能稍有降低;3.锐齿栎群落乔木层生物量在阴、阳坡都随海拔梯度先升高,后降低,呈典型的“中间膨胀”模式。     

弧角型PDC钻头切削齿布齿模式仿真分析

钻头在钻进复杂非均质地层时,由于其冠部形状的限制,钻头各部位切削齿受力不均匀,局部切削齿受到较大的冲击载荷,导致钻头发生“涡动”现象。为了解决上述问题,提出“多级力平衡”的切削齿周向布齿方案,通过建立全尺寸钻头破岩有限元仿真模型,分析顺时针、逆时针以及“多级力平衡”3种周向布齿模式下切削齿及钻头的受力特性。模拟结果表明：相对于顺时针和逆时针周向布齿,“多级力平衡”布齿模式下各刀翼载荷分布比较均匀,钻头的稳定性和攻击性均得到较大改善,钻头的破岩效率提高28%以上;顺时针布齿模式下钻头的侧向力最大,其稳定性相对最差;逆时针布齿模式下钻头的钻压最大,其攻击性相对较差,并且钻头的破岩效率最低。上述研究成果能够为指导PDC钻头切削齿的周向布齿设计提供理论依据。建议今后加强“多级力平衡”周向布齿模式下切削齿载荷沿钻头径向分布规律方面的研究,以指导防涡稳定PDC钻头的优化设计。