伊豆-小笠原和汤加地区中地幔多层速度结构差异性研究

中部地幔间断面的存在及其性质对于理解地球内部对流过程并对地球化学和矿物物理学的约束均具有重要意义.本文通过利用美国西部高密度短周期地震台网记录的汤加和伊豆-小笠原地区的深震波形资料的倾斜叠加处理,进而从中提取离源下行的次生转换震相SdP,据此分析两个俯冲区域的中部地幔速度界面的差异性存在：（1）伊豆-小笠原地区对应于＂920km＂间断面的深度应该位于910km,而汤加地区则存在着两个速度跃变面,分别位于850和950km处;（2）两个地区均存在着1000和1050km深度附近一定的转换点集中;（3）两个地区在1100km深度处都存在着比较明确的转换点集中,同时伊豆-小笠原地区在更深处的1168km附近存在转换点集中,而汤加地区相应的界面则存在于1200km深度附近.这样的复杂结构与铁在地幔主要岩石组分铁-镁钙钛矿和铁-镁方铁矿的配比不同造成的密度异常有关,同时汤加和伊豆-小笠原两个俯冲区间存在的差异性速度结构与两者不同的俯冲板片形态和残留有很密切的关联.     

Effects of ambient DIN:DIP ratio on the nitrogen uptake of harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense in turbidistat

The effects of varying nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios on the growth and N-uptake and assimilation of the harmful dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense were examined in turbidistat culture experiments. Algal cultures were supplied with media containing PO34? in various concentrations to obtain a wide range of N:P ratios. Experiments to determine rates of N uptake and assimilation of different N sources (NO3?, NH4+, urea and glycine by P. minimum and NO3?, NH4+ by P. donghaiense) were conducted using 15N tracer techniques at each N:P ratio. The growth rates suggested nutrient limitation at both high and low N:P ratios relative to the Redfield ratio. On a diel basis, the growth of both species was regulated by the light-dark cycle, which may be a result of regulation of both light- dependent growth and light-independent nutrient uptake. Maximum growth rates of both species always occurred at the beginning of light phase. In P-rich medium (low N:P ratio), both species had higher N assimilation rates, suggesting N limitation. Low assimilation coefficients at high N:P ratios suggested P limitation of N uptake and assimilation. NO3? and NH4+ contributed more than 90% of the total N uptake of P. minimum. Reduced N sources were more quickly assimilated than NO3?. Highest average daily growth rates were recorded near an N:P ratio of 12 for both species. The N uptake rates of cultures at N:P ratios near Redfield ratio were more balanced with growth rates. The linkage between growth rates and N uptake/assimilation rates were conceptually described by the variation of cell N quota. The N:P ratios affect the N uptake and growth of Prorocentrum spp., and may regulate their bloom progression in eutrophic ecosystems.     

Allelopathic interactions between Prorocentrum micans and Skeletonema costatum or Karenia mikimotoi in laboratory cultures

Algal allelopathy is an ecological/physiological phenomenon that has focused attention on the interactions among algae and the production of algal toxins. We investigated the allelopathic interactions between the dinoflagellate genus Prorocentrum micans and diatom genus Skeletonema costatum and between P. micans and dinoflagellate genus Karenia mikimotoi using bi-algal cultures. Because the effects were species-specific and size-dependent, we evaluated the effect of different initial densities. At low densities of P. micans and high densities of S. costatum inoculated into the same medium, the growth of P. micans was weakly restrained, whereas the growth of S. costatum was significantly suppressed. S. costatum and K. mikimotoi were strongly inhibited by P. micans, in both the bi-algal cultures and enriched filtrates. Direct cell-to-cell contact was not necessary to gain a competitive advantage, thus, our results suggest that P. micans inhibited the growth of S. costatum and K. mikimotoi by the release of allelochemical(s). Last, a mathematical model was used to simulate growth and interactions between P. micans and S. costatum and between P. micans and K. mikimotoi in bi-algal cultures.     

斜齿齿轮泵设计计算方法初探

大型齿轮泵在运转时噪声较大 ,危害人们的身体健康。根据啮合运转时斜齿轮比直齿轮平稳、相对噪声较低的特点 ,在大型齿轮泵上采用斜齿轮。本文对斜齿齿轮泵的设计计算方法进行了初步的探讨     

东昆仑丘吉东沟地区泥盆纪花岗岩的成因机制及其对原特提斯造山作用的启示

东昆仑造山带发育巨量显生宙花岗岩,记录了特提斯造山作用的岩浆—构造演化过程.本次研究以东昆仑丘吉东沟地区泥盆纪花岗岩体为研究对象,开展系统的岩石学、年代学和地球化学研究,厘定其成因类型,揭示岩石成因及其对原特提斯造山作用的启示.丘吉东沟花岗岩体由斑状花岗闪长岩组成,岩体内发育暗色微粒包体.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学分析显示,斑状花岗闪长岩形成于382.7±3.6 Ma,判定其为中泥盆世岩浆活动的产物,岩石具有富硅(w(SiO2)= 66.80％～73.15％)、富碱(w(K2O+Na2O)=7.07％～8.50％)和低铝(A/CNK=0.88～0.97)的特征,属于准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石.岩石的w(MgO)和w(FeO)分别为0.74％～1.77％和2.13％～4.98％,具有变化范围较大的Mg#值(21～50).岩石富集Zr,Nb,Ce和Y等高场强元素(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=330～540X10-6),亏损Ba,Sr,P,Ti和Eu等元素.岩石的稀土分配模式呈右倾的"海鸥式"特征,具有显著的负Eu异常(8Eu=0.12～0.35)和较高的10 000 * Ga/Al比值(2.65～3.72),属于典型的A型花岗岩.构造判别图解指示岩石具有A2型花岗岩特征,形成于后碰撞伸展构造环境.综合分析表明,丘吉东沟泥盆纪A型花岗岩起源于低压高温条件下长英质地壳的部分熔融,具有一定的岩浆混合印记,其成因背景与东昆仑原特提斯域碰撞后伸展作用相关.     

极地深冰钻用减速传动装置设计

在前期研发的极地深冰钻用减速传动装置中,行星齿轮减速传动装置易发生疲劳破坏,因此减速传动装置寿命相对较低。针对上述问题,对铠装电缆电动机械钻具的减速传动装置进行改进设计,确定装置的结构和尺寸、分析该装置的啮合受力情况并进行强度估算。利用Inventor软件建立该减速传动装置三维实体模型。结合ANSYS Workbench软件对装置的结构进行静力学分析。研究结果表明,该活齿传动减速传动装置满足设计要求,为优化极地深冰钻用减速传动装置提供了依据。     

《盐湖研究》合订本征订启事

<正>《盐湖研究》是原国家科委批准的学术类自然科学期刊,由中国科学院青海盐湖研究所主办,科学出版社出版,1993年创刊并在国内外公开发行。《盐湖研究》自公开发行以来,深受广大读者的厚爱,为了便于我刊读者和文献情报服务单位系统收藏,编辑部藏有94-95年、96-97年、98-