社区低碳隐性基因显性化对策研究

面对日益严峻的气候变化问题,低碳是全球发展的必然选择,低碳推广已成为一项全球性的研究课题。社区作为城市基本功能单元之一,是使用可持续理念和具体技术促进低碳城市建设的切入点。为加快社区低碳的推广,促进低碳社区的发展,借助基因理论及其分析方法构建社区低碳基因结构图,分析隐性基因显现化障碍并提出显现化对策。研究表明:社区低碳隐性基因显现化包含社会化、综合化、显现化和内在化4个阶段,低碳意识提升、低碳潜力开发、低碳技术实现和低碳现状维护能够有效促进社区低碳隐性基因显性化,提高社区居民低碳参与积极性。     

基于视频场景多因素的人群运动状态分析

视频GIS集成了视频处理和GIS分析,能够有效完成公共安全场景或区域的人群监测及分析,实现人群运动状态的准确把控。人群运动状态同群体性社会事件的发生及演变密切相关,视频可通过光流场和社会力场表达场景人群运动信息。为提高人群运动状态分析的准确性,综合考虑透视畸变、背景噪声和人群密度等场景多因素,提出根据视频场景多因素分析的人群运动状态的分析方法,通过引入长度透视校正参数和前景检测图像校正场景稠密光流场,然后以校正后的光流场为基础,顾及面积透视畸变与场景人群密度,估算视频前景社会力场。实验结果表明,该方法能够获取视频场景更显著的人群运动状态特征,并在人群行为异常检测等方面效果突出。     

青鳉foxl2基因敲除突变体的构建与表型分析

【目的】建立青鳉(Oryziaslatipes)foxl2基因突变体材料,为阐释foxl2基因功能提供良好的动物模型和研究基础。【方法】利用CRISPR/Cas9技术敲除青鳉foxl2基因,建立突变体材料。观察foxl2基因突变体的第二性征、性腺等形态特征;组织学分析性腺结构与性腺中细胞类型;用定量PCR检测性腺发育相关基因的表达情况。【结果】通过CRISPR/Cas9技术成功敲除青鳉foxl2基因,建立foxl2基因缺失4个碱基的青鳉突变体。从第二性征与性腺表型上,foxl2-/-突变体均表现为生理雄性;组织切片分析发现,foxl2-/-突变体的性腺结构与野生型卵巢和野生型精巢均有显著差异,存在退化的核仁外周卵母细胞与精子,提示foxl2-/-的性腺在组织结构上类似精巢;定量PCR结果显示,foxl2-/-突变体中雄性性腺发育关键基因sox9b、gsdf、amh等的表达量升高,雌性性腺发育关键基因cyp19a1a等的表达量下降。【结论】通过CRISPR/Cas9技术成功建立青鳉foxl2基因缺失的突变体,foxl2-/-突变体有遗传雌性、生理雄性的表型特征,foxl2对维持青鳉性腺功能有重要作用。     

马氏珠母贝金黄壳色选育群体植核后差异表达免疫基因筛选

【目的】筛选(Pinctadamartensii)金黄壳色选育群体植核后免疫相关基因与代谢通路。【方法】利用转录组对植核前后马氏珠母贝的血细胞进行转录组建库及测序分析。【结果和结论】分别获得61.78×106和62.68×106个高质量转录组数据,且映射到参考基因组的平均映射率分别为70.16%和67.82%。与植核前相比,植核后分别有2 925个和3 097个基因显著上调和下调(差异倍数≥2,校正后P≤0.001),其中包括免疫相关基因凝集素、Toll样受体,热休克蛋白等。对差异基因进行GO分类分析,分为基因的分子功能、细胞组分、生物过程3个大类,并细分为11个子类别,其中结合和催化功能的基因较多。KEGG分类分析差异基因,可将基因参与的KEGG代谢通路分为6个分支,细胞过程、环境信息处理、遗传信息处理、人类疾病(仅限动物)、代谢、有机系统。KEGG富集结果显示,差异表达基因显著富集到免疫相关通路胞质DNA感应途径、白细胞跨内皮迁移等免疫通路。     

传统村落景观基因信息链与自动识别模型构建——以陕西省为例

传统村落作为活的文化遗产,承载了大量历史记忆,是地域文化景观基因识别与模型构建研究的重要切入点。以陕西省71个国家级传统村落为例,基于景观基因理论建立陕西省传统村落景观基因识别体系,识别出陕西省传统村落景观基因特征;运用类型学原理和N级编码理论对景观基因进行编码,构建陕西省传统村落景观基因信息链并生成基因谱系;借鉴生物学中“胞-链-形”DNA碱基序列模型,提取出环境基因、建筑基因、农耕文化基因和宗族文化基因四个公共基因作为景观基因元（胞）,以村内道路系统作为基因链,构建传统村落景观基因DNA模型与自动识别模型,以此对传统村落的区位、类型、特征和文化基因进行自动识别。为传统村落景观基因信息有效传承与存储,以及乡村建设动态发展提供理论借鉴。     

青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)IKK基因的克隆及其在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激下的表达分析

利用构建的青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)转录组文库,筛选到青蛤IKK基因的类似序列。经设计引物克隆比对后确认为CsIKK基因。利用生物信息学软件在线对该基因进行结构分析。采用PCR技术克隆基因,并使用实时荧光定量PCR技术克隆得到CsIKK基因在青蛤五个不同组织中的表达情况及在鳗弧菌(Vibrioanguillarum)的刺激下IKK基因在青蛤血淋巴中的时序性表达情况。综合结果得到, CsIKK基因序列开放阅读框长2298bp,编码765个氨基酸。IKK基因在青蛤的血淋巴、外套膜、闭壳肌、肝脏、性腺和鳃六个组织中均表达,在血淋巴中表达量最高。青蛤IKK基因在鳗弧菌胁迫下表达量在6h时达到最大值,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01),表明该基因所指导的蛋白是青蛤重要的免疫信号通路蛋白。     

基于线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因的中国沿海相手蟹系统发育研究

相手蟹科的诸多种类因其形态极其相似成为方蟹总科分类中疑问较多的一个类群。通过对中国沿海相手蟹线粒体COI和16S rRNA基因序列进行分子系统发育分析,结果表明14种相手蟹COI和16S rRNA基因序列之间差异分别为5.7%～14.5%和1.5%～12.1%,均达到了种间差异水平。构建的系统发育树显示,14种相手蟹分别为独立有效物种,但分属于拟相手蟹属和近相手蟹属的4种拟相手蟹和3种近相手蟹,没有分别形成2个独立的支系,而是混合聚成一大支系。而属于螳臂相手蟹属的无齿螳臂相手蟹则首先与属于中相手蟹属的中华中相手蟹聚成一支,再与红螯螳臂相手蟹聚为一大支,表现出与形态分类的不一致。错综复杂的分子系统关系预示着相手蟹类为多系起源,也表明它们之间的种间关系乃至于属间关系尚有诸多问题有待进一步厘定。     

条斑紫菜酵母双杂交文库的构建及PyMAPK5互作蛋白的筛选

为进一步研究条斑紫菜促分裂原活化激酶家族PyMAPK5的下游互作蛋白,理解其生物学功能,本研究通过酵母双杂交的方法进行其相互作用蛋白的筛选。提取不同温度和失水逆境胁迫下的RNA,利用Invitrogen体系构建条斑紫菜酵母双杂交cDNA文库,其库容为1.44×107CFU,重组率为91.8%。以pGBKT7-PyMAPK5为诱饵蛋白载体,利用共转化方法,从文库中筛选得到26个与PyMAPK5互作的候选蛋白。候选蛋白集中在光系统II相关蛋白、捕光蛋白、微管蛋白、ATP酶、GTP结合蛋白及假设蛋白等。微管蛋白、捕光蛋白、光系统II蛋白一对一验证结果为阳性,表明在酵母体内存在互作。本研究为阐明条斑紫菜PyMAPK5与其互作蛋白的关系及解析PyMAPK5下游作用机制奠定了基础。     

春季季风间期赤道东印度洋浮游植物光合生理特征

Phytoplankton physiologies are dynamic and have sensitive responses to the ambient environment. In this paper,we examine photosynthetic physiologies of phytoplankton communities with Phyto-PAM in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean during the spring inter-monsoon. Environmental parameters were measured to investigate the coupling between phytoplankton photosynthetic physiologies and their habitats. During the cruise, the water column was highly stratified. The mixed layer extended to about 75 m and was characterized by high temperature(28°C) and low nutrient level. The F_v/F_m values and chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations were lower at the surface, as consequences of nutrient depletion and photo-inhibition. Subsurface Chl a maximum(SCM) occurred between 75 and 100 m, and had the highest F_v/F_m values. The formation of SCM was a balance between nutrient availability and light limitation. The SCM may contribute significantly to pelagic food web and primary production in the water column. Phytoplankton in different layers encountered different light, trophic and hydrographic dynamics and evolved distinct photosynthetic characteristics. Despite of co-limitation of nutrient limitation and photo-inhibition, phytoplankton in the surface layer showed their acclimation to high irradiance, had lower light utilization efficiencies(α: 0.061±0.032) and could exploit a wide range of light irradiance. Whereas, phytoplankton in the SCM layers presented the highest light utilization efficiencies(α:0.146±0.48), which guaranteed higher photosynthetic capacities under low light level. These results provide insights into phytoplankton photo-adaption strategies in this less explored region.     

九龙江口浮游植物群体对盐度胁迫的快速适应

Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/F_m′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/F_m′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/F_m′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/F_m′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(~(14)C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments.