穿过传说的窗口

可以说,京族人之间的专属通用语言纯属原生,在京族先祖到达三岛以前,京语就已经是一种成熟的族群语言了,只不过,那时的京语还不叫京语.京语的发音,绝大多数和越语一致,虽隔海相望,京族人和越南人之间的交流沟通却全无障碍.另一方面,由于京族跟壮、汉各族杂居得实在太久,互通有无得实在难以分离,因而,京族人在生活表达中除了使用京语,也把当地广泛覆盖的粤方言汉语（也称为白话）运用得十分纯熟.在中越贸易全面铺开的今天,京族人参与其中,更有一份如鱼得水的先天优势.     

不同温度下马氏珠母贝干露耐受能力及其免疫相关基因表达的变化

【目的】探究马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)对干露胁迫的响应,为马氏珠母贝健康养殖和遗传育种提供基础资料。【方法】在不同温度下对马氏珠母贝进行干露胁迫,探究温度对马氏珠母贝干露耐受的影响;筛选出马氏珠母贝干露胁迫敏感组和耐受组,比较两组的免疫相关基因表达量和植核后休养期存活率。【结果】(1)22~34℃条件下,马氏珠母贝干露耐受能力随温度升高及干露时间延长而降低;(2)22℃下,S组和T组的脯氨酸羟化酶(PHD)、葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUT)、髓样分化因子(MYD88)、热休克蛋白(Hsp70、Hsp20)和凋亡抑制因子(cIAP)6个基因在干露过程中表达量基本呈上升趋势,组间差异显著(P<0.05);(3)植核试验结果表明耐受组植核后休养期的存活率显著高于敏感组(P<0.05)。【结论】马氏珠母贝在高温环境下干露耐受能力降低,在适温条件下耐受组比敏感组表现出较高的存活率。     

推拿对抗生素相关性腹泻患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响

目的：观察辨证分型推拿手法对抗生素相关性腹泻（AAD）患儿免疫功能及肠道菌群的影响。方法：将肺炎合并AAD的患儿180 例随机分为治疗组、对照1组及对照2组,每组各60 例。治疗组辨证分型后予以推拿治疗,对照1组采用非辨证分型推拿,对照2组予以双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。比较3组治疗前后血清免疫球蛋白A（IgA)、免疫球蛋白M（IgM)、大便分泌型免疫球蛋白A（sIgA）及大便球菌/杆菌比例的变化。结果：3组血清免疫球蛋白、大便sIgA及大便球/杆菌比例治疗前后组内比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后治疗组血清IgA、IgM水平与对照1组比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但与对照2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后治疗组大便sIgA含量及大便球/杆菌比例与对照1、2组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：推拿治疗可提高AAD患儿免疫球蛋白水平、改善肠道菌群失衡,但辨证分型推拿手法在改善肠道局部免疫及调节肠道菌群方面更有优势。     

菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖抗肿瘤活性研究

从菲律宾蛤仔全脏器中提取得到糖胺聚糖粗品(CRG),通过DEAE-52离子交换柱层析得到纯品(RG),分别采用MTT法和动物移植性肿瘤模型检测其体外和体内抗肿瘤活性,同时测量荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数的脾指数;建立小鼠免疫抑制模型,并测量正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺指数、脾指数和碳粒廓清指数。结果显示,菲律宾蛤仔糖胺聚糖可以抑制体外培养的人肝癌Bel7402肿瘤细胞的生长,能显著抑制移植性S180肉瘤的生长,可抑制荷瘤小鼠的脾肿大现象,对环磷酰胺造成的小鼠胸腺和脾脏萎缩有抵抗和修复作用。     

Antitumor and immune regulation activities of the extracts of some Chinese marine invertebrates

Extracts of 21 marine invertebrates belonging to Coelenterata, Mollusca, Annelida, Bryozoa,Echiura, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Urochordata were screened for the studies on their antitumor and immune regulation activities. Antitumor activity was determined by MTT method and immune regulation activity was studied using T- and B-lymphocytes in mice spleen in vitro. It was found that the n-butanol part of Asterina pectinifera, the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina, 95% ethanol extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus have a high inhibition rate of 96.7%, 63.9% and 50.5% respectively on tumor cell line HL-60 at the concentration of 0.063 mg/ml. The inhibition rate of the acetic ether part of Tubuaria marina on the tumor cell line A-549 is 65,4 % at concentration of 0.063 mg/mL. The 95% ethanol extract of Meretrix meretrix has so outstanding promoting effect on T-lymphocytes that their multiplication increases 25% when the sample concentration is only 1μg/ml. On B-lymphocytes, the 95% extract of Rapana venosa, at concentration of 100μg/ml, has a promotion percentage of 60%. On the other hand, under the condition of no cytotoxic effect, the 95% ethanol extracts of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus and Cellana toreum can reach 92% inhibition rate on T lymphocyte at concentration of 100μg/ml, while the inhibition rate on B lymphocyte of the 95% extract of Acanthochiton rubrolineatus reaches 92% at the same concentration.     

生物絮团对养殖环境的清洁作用及对虾生理指标的影响

本文研究了生物絮团对养殖环境的清洁作用及对虾生理指标的影响。生物絮团实验梯度设置为0、5、10 ml/L,在实验开始后将凡纳滨对虾随机放入氨氮浓度(2.5±0.3)mg/L的实验水槽中,以不添加生物絮团组为对照组,分别于0,6,12,24,48h时取对虾血淋巴,鳃丝、肝胰脏样品并进行免疫和解毒代谢指标测定。结果表明:生物絮团能有效地吸收水中的氨氮,来提高虾体免疫活性和解毒代谢能力。各处理组水中氨氦随着时间的推移逐渐降低,24h之后维持在一个较低水平。各处理组虾体血液、肝胰脏、鳃丝中精氨酸酶活力、谷氨酰胺合成酶活力随着生物絮团将水体中氨氮的清除逐渐降低,在24h,凡纳滨对虾鳃丝、血淋巴、肝胰脏中谷氨酰胺合成酶在生物絮团处理组之间以及处理组和对照组相比均差异显著(P0.05),并且其活性下降程度与生物絮团浓度成正比。各处理组对虾血细胞数量,吞噬率,溶菌,抗菌活力在施加生物絮团后呈现先上升,后下降趋势,48h降低在一个较低水平。由此可见,生物絮团对养殖水体中氨氦有明显的清洁作用,并对凡纳滨对虾免疫指标和解毒代谢指标影响显著。     

中国明对虾Imd免疫信号通路相关基因克隆及表达分析

Imd免疫信号通路在无脊椎动物抗革兰氏阴性菌方面起到十分重要的作用。在已知中国明对虾Imd通路下游核转录因子Relish基因全长的情况下,利用同源克隆方法获得了Imd通路上游基因Imd的cDNA序列,命名为FcImd,该基因全长783bp,5’非编码区45bp,3’非编码区255bp,开放阅读框483bp,编码160个氨基酸,包括一个位于C端的死亡结构域。同源性分析表明,FcImd基因氨基酸序列与其他甲壳动物的氨基酸序列高度保守,与凡纳滨对虾和日本囊对虾的同源性分别为99%和88%。于鳗弧菌感染后的1,3,6,12,24,48,96,144h记录实验组和对照组的累积死亡率,并分别取血淋巴用于检测中国明对虾Imd及Relish基因在不同时间点的表达量变化情况。结果显示:鳗弧菌感染后,实验组Imd和Relish表达量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中Imd表达量呈先升高后降低趋势,Relish表达量在1h时达到最高,然后呈逐渐降低趋势。中国明对虾感染鳗弧菌后Imd和Relish基因呈不同步上调表达,说明Imd和Relish基因的表达与弧菌刺激密切相关,提示Imd和Relish基因参与了对虾抗菌反应的Imd信号转导通路。     

Effects of Pseudoalteromonas sp.BC228 on Digestive Enzyme Activity and Immune Response of Juvenile Sea Cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus）

A marine bacterium,Pseudoalteromonas sp.BC228 was supplemented to feed in a feeding experiment aiming to determine its ability of enhancing the digestive enzyme activity and immune response of juvenile Apostichopusjaponicus.Sea cucumber individuals were fed with the diets containing 0 （control）,105,107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 for 45 days.Results showed that intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly enhanced by 107 and 109 CFU g-1 diet of BC228 in comparison with control （P〈0.01）.The phagocytic activity in the coelomocytes of sea cucumber fed the diet supplemented with 107 CFUg-1 diet of BC228 was significantly higher than that of those fed control diet （P〈0.05）.In addition,105 and 107 CFUg-1 diet of BC228 significantly enhanced lysozyme and phenoloxidase activities in the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber,respectively,in comparison with other diets （P 〈 0.01）.Sea cucumbers,10 each diet,were challenged with Vibrio splendidus NB 13 after 45 days of feeding.It was found that the cumulative incidence and mortality of sea cucumber fed with BC228 containing diets were lower than those of animals fed control diet.Our findings evidenced that BC228 supplemented in diets improved the digestive enzyme activity of juvenile sea cucumber,stimulated its immune response and enhanced its resistance to the infection of V.splendidus.     

Effect of Dietary Potassium on Growth,Nitrogen Metabolism,Osmoregulation and Immunity of Pacific White Shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamel） Reared in Low Salinity Seawater

An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physio-logical acclimation of Pacific white shrimp （Litopenaeus vannamei） reared in diluted seawater （salinity 4）. Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17 g potassium K＋ per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets （P〉0.05）. The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K＋ per 100g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na＋ and C1- were significantly lower than those of the control （P〈0.05）, but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na＋/K＋-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control （P〈0.05）. The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K＋ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism.