卡里马塔海峡水体交换的季节变化

Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m~3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south.     

中国东海陆架海域柱状沉积物对磷的吸附行为

通过研究磷在海洋柱状沉积物上的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,并结合沉积物表面电荷性质以及磷形态分析,考察了我国东部陆架海域沉积物对磷的吸附特征。结果表明,所研究海域沉积物对磷的吸附过程明显分为快慢两段,48h后吸附可达到平衡;吸附后的磷主要为可交换态磷,吸附过程以物理作用为主;吸附等温线可用Langmuir交叉型模式描述,在磷初始浓度较低时,沉积物对磷存在解吸现象;沉积物对磷吸附参数的垂直分布较为复杂,受自身性质影响较大;盐度增大,沉积物对磷的吸附能力呈下降趋势。     

盱眙、明光、临泽坡缕石的八面体阳离子占位及对其性能的影响

坡缕石是一种21型链层状结构含水富镁铝硅酸盐矿物,具有重要的资源和材料属性。不同成因、产状坡缕石八面体中类质同象替代有很大差别,而八面体类质同象替代对坡缕石性能的影响未见研究报道。本文以中国最具代表性的安徽明光、江苏盱眙、甘肃临泽坡缕石为研究对象,研究了三种坡缕石的Al、Mg、Fe含量及在八面体中的占位,并探讨了八面体的Al、Mg、Fe占位对坡缕石中水的种类和含量、表面电位和酸位以及对Pb2+、Cd2+吸附性能的影响。结果表明：明光坡缕石相对富镁,八面体主要被Mg2+占据,具有三八面体特征;盱眙、临泽坡缕石相对富铝、铁,八面体主要被Al3+占据,表现出更多的二八面体特征。盱眙坡缕石由于M1位置空位较多,结构水含量较低;坡缕石类质同象替代对Zeta电位影响不大;具有二八面体特征的盱眙、临泽坡缕石由于八面体中Al含量较高,酸位较多,催化性能较好。在重金属吸附实验中,明光坡缕石对Cd2+的吸附效果最好,盱眙坡缕石对Pb2+的吸附效果最好,临泽坡缕石吸附性能较差。本文可为坡缕石的改性和应用提供指导和参考。     

船载海水温度观测研究

通过研究国家相关海洋观测标准对海水温度观测的规约,结合当前船载水温观测的现状,提出了基于总线的船载磁吸附温度链式观测方法,并对其在结构设计、理论模型、算法等多方面进行了阐述.通过多个竖直分布的温度传感器实时观测,采用自适应参数化算法,有效减少了风浪、海流、热辐射等方面的影响,具有观测层深相对固定、精度高等特点,可实现船...     

中央地方两级地勘基金达130亿元

9月10日上午10时零8分,中国石油山西煤层气处理中心开启了山西煤层气外输线通向西气东输主干线的最后一道阀门,煤层气经由沁水压气站压缩机顺利注入西气东输主干线。煤层气俗称“瓦斯”,其主要成分是CH。（甲烷）,是与煤炭伴生、以吸附状态储存于煤层内的非常规天然气,热值与天然气相当。     

活性污泥和颗粒污泥生物吸附废水中Pb~(2+)的对比研究

采用序批式实验,分别以活性污泥和颗粒污泥为吸附材料,考察接触时间、pH等因素对废水中Pb2+生物吸附效果的影响.结果表明,活性污泥和颗粒污泥对低浓度Pb2+(0～20 mg/L)能在30 min内达到吸附平衡,当Pb2+浓度在20～100 mg/L时,浓度越低,达到平衡时间越快,以被动吸附为主.在Pb2+低浓度条件下(0～20 mg/L),初始pH为4～5时,Pb2+的去除率达99%以上,且初始pH值是影响活性污泥和颗粒污泥生物吸附Pb2+的重要因素.活性污泥和颗粒污泥对Pb2+的生物吸附符合朗缪尔(Langmuir)方程,在pH为4及25 ℃下,活性污泥饱和吸附量为59.88 mg/g,颗粒污泥饱和吸附量为80.65 mg/g.因此,活性污泥和颗粒污泥可作为有效的生物吸附剂处理低浓度(0～20 mg/L)含铅废水,且颗粒污泥比活性污泥的生物吸附效果好.     

Identification of CO2 disposal locations in an ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific

A basinwide ocean general circulation model of the North Pacific is used to identify which location is more efficient for ocean CO2 sequestration in the North Pacific. Four injection depths at each one of fifteen locations are chosen. In terms of effectiveness index (EI) and escape factor (EF), it is clear that the effectiveness increases with increasing latitude at the end of the 50 a injection period. Sitebysite differences in the EI can be over 9% for the 1 000 m injection depth in the western North Pacific at the end of 50 a of continuous injection. The difference is much larger for the 500 m injection. The difference decreases with increasing injection depth. However, the sitebysite difference is small for the injection in the eastern North Pacific. The sequestration is more efficient for the injection in the east than in the west. For the 500 m injection depth, the difference in effectiveness between the west and the east is over 10% at the end of 50 a injection period. The largest concentration of sequestered CO2 increases with increasing injection depth. For the injection in both the western and central North Pacific, the largest exchange flux always appears to be at about 42°N, 150°E, whereas for the injection in the eastern area the large flux appears to be in the equatorial region (120°W).     

膨胀石墨吸附重油的热力学研究

研究膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附热力学行为.结果表明:在293～308 K,含油量为2.172～18.11 mg·dm-3实验浓度范围内,膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附是放热过程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程.根据热力学函数关系计算出膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的标准吸附焓变为-39.49 kJ·mol-1,标准吉布斯自由能变为-22.40～-23.50 kJ·mol-1,说明吸附过程可自发进行.     

pCO2 and carbon fluxes across sea-air interface in the Changjiang Estuary and Hangzhou Bay

Partial pressure of CO2(pCO2) was investigated in the Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary,Hangzhou Bay and their adjacent areas during a cruise in August 2004,China.The data show that pCO2 in surface waters of the studied area was higher than that in the atmosphere with only exception of a patch east of Zhoushan Archipelago.The pCO2 varied from 168 to 2 264 μatm,which fell in the low range compared with those of other estuaries in the world.The calculated sea-air CO2 fluxes decreased offshore and varied from -10.0 to 88.1 mmol m-2 d-1 in average of 24.4 ± 16.5 mmol m-2 d-1.Although the area studied was estimated only 2 × 104 km2,it emitted(5.9 ± 4.0) × 103 tons of carbon to the atmosphere every day.The estuaries and their plumes must be further studied for better understanding the role of coastal seas playing in the global oceanic carbon cycle.     

波浪破碎诱导的海-气无机盐通量的参数化

波浪破碎诱导生成的海盐粒子是海洋向大气输运无机盐的主要机制,海气界面的无机盐通量对于全球气候变化有重要影响。本文开展了实验室实验模拟海盐粒子生成实验,定量考察了温度和盐度对海盐粒子中离子质量分布的影响,揭示了初生海盐粒子中各离子的富集和亏损现象与温度和盐度的关系。基于实验室观测分析结果和推测假定,提出了1个既包含海面风速、又反映海表温度和海表盐度影响的海-气无机盐通量参数化方案。将此参数化方案应用于估计海盐粒子向大气输运的各种无机盐离子质量通量,并与传统方法估算结果进行了比对分析。