3-(3′-羟基)丁基苯酞氨基酸酯衍生物的设计与合成

3-(3′-羟基)丁基苯酞是丁苯酞在体内的代谢产物,具有多种药理作用,可以作为一种新的活性成分应用于药物开发中。本文以甘氨酸、甲硫氨酸和亮氨酸为起始原料,经过Boc保护,再与3-(3′-羟基)丁基苯酞进行缩合,脱保护3步反应合成了3-(3′-羟基)丁基苯酞的氨基酸酯。以期提高水溶性和改善药代动力学性质,获得3-(3′-羟基)丁基苯酞的前药。     

二甲基硫光化学氧化反应的动力学研究

实验研究水溶液中二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ）的光化学氧化反应的动力学。结果表明，在入射光频率与强度一定条件下，ＤＭＳ进行光化学氧化反应的速率会受到介质、ｐＨ、重金属离子的影响。Ｈｇ２＋能显著加快人工海水介质中ＤＭＳ的光氧化速率。ＤＭＳ进行光氧化的一级速率常数为４．４６×１０－５～３０．４×１０－５ｓ－１，其在光照下的人工海水介质中的半寿期为３．６ｈ。这说明光化学过程对于影响和控制ＤＭＳ在海洋中的浓度和分布起着十分重要的作用     

Production of dimethylsulfide and acrylic acid from dimethylsulfoniopropionate during growth of three marine microalgae

We measured the concentrations of dimethylsulfide （DMS）, acrylic acid （AA）, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate （DMSP） during growth of three microalgae： Prorocentrum micans, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Platymonas subcordiformis. The DMSP, AA, and DMS concentrations in culture media varied significantly among algal growth stages, with the highest concentrations in the late stationary growth stage or the senescent stage. In the stationary growth stage, the average DMSP concentration per cell in P. micans （0.066 5 pmol/cell） was 1.3 times that in G. oceanica （0.049 5 pmol/ cell） and 20.2 times that in P. subcordiformis （0.003 29 pmol/cell）. The average concentrations of AA were 0.044 6, 0.026 9, and 0.003 05 pmol/cell in P. micans, G. oceanica, and P. subcordiformis, respectively, higher than the concentrations of DMS （0.272, 0.497, and 0.086 2 fmol/cell, respectively）. There were significant positive correlations between cell density and AA, DMSP, and DMS concentrations. The ratios of DMS/AA and AA/（DMSP＋AA） in the three algae differed significantly over the growth cycle. In all three microalgae, the DMS/AA ratios were less than 25% during the growth period, suggesting that the enzymatic cleavage pathway, which generates DMS, was not the main DMSP degradation pathway. The changes in the DMS/AA ratio indicated that there was a higher rate of enzymatic breakdown of DMSP in the early growth period and a lower rate during senescence. In all three microalgae, the AA/（DMSP＋AA） ratio （degradation ratio of DMSP） decreased during the exponential growth phase, and then increased. The variations in these ratios can approximately indicate the cleavage mechanism of DMSP at different stages of algal growth.     

Effects of rice straw on the cell viability,photosynthesis, and growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

Rice straw is supposed to be an environment-friendly biomaterial for inhibiting the growth of harmful blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. However, its potential mechanism is not well known. To explore this mechanism, the growth, cell viability （esterase activity, membrane potential, and membrane integrity）, photosynthesis, and cell size ofM. aeruginosa were determined using flow cytometry and Phyto-PAM after exposure to rice straw extracts （RSE）. The results show that doses from 2.0 to 10.0 g/L of RSE efficiently inhibited the alga for 15 days, while the physiologic and morphologic responses of the cyanobacteria were time-dependent. RSE interfered with the cell membrane potential, cell size, and in vivo chlorophyll-a fluorescence on the first day. After 7 days of exposure, RSE was transported into the cytosol, which disrupted enzyme activity and photosynthesis. The cyanobacteria then started to repair its physiology （enzyme activity, photosynthesis） and remained viable, suggesting that rice straw act as an algistatic agent.     

气相色谱法测定地下水中拟除虫菊酯有机氯百菌清等24种农药残留

拟除虫菊酯类、有机氯、百菌清等农药均属于电负性强化合物,采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测具有较高的灵敏度,但由于拟除虫菊酯类农药分子量较大,其灵敏度显著低于有机氯,使得各类化合物进行分类检测的流程长、分析效率低。本文通过优选分析色谱柱和进样口温度等条件,利用气相色谱的色谱柱程序升压功能实现了多类别24种农药残留的快速、准确测定。实验中以正己烷为溶剂进行液液萃取,Florisil固相萃取柱净化,选择有机氯专用色谱柱(RTX-CLPesticides 2)进行分析,GC-ECD仪器在0.5~6000 ng/mL浓度范围内呈线性,方法检出限为1.00~12.00 ng/L,低、中、高三个浓度水平的加标回收率分别为80.3%~116%、79.9%~117%、85.7%~102%,相应的精密度(RSD,n=7)为1.5%~6.8%、1.3%~7.6%、1.1%~6.8%。本方法选用的有机氯专用色谱柱(RTX-CLPesticides 2)对多组分、多类别目标化合物有更好的分辨率,较通用型色谱柱(DB-5MS)更具分析优势;采用的色谱柱程序升压技术解决了拟除虫菊酯类化合物在气相色谱柱中停留时间过长而导致的低灵敏度、峰拖尾等技术难题。此方法灵敏、经济,分析通量高,可有效地同时分析多种类农药残留物质。     

2个重组海带α-碳酸酐酶(CA)的酶活性比较研究

为了探究海带(Saccharina japonica)α-CA1和α-CA2是否具有催化CO₂的可逆水合反应和酯酶活性,作者通过原核表达得到这两种α-CA的可溶性的异源重组蛋白。分别用电极法和酯酶活性检测法来检测重组α-CA1(rα-CA1)和rα-CA2的水合酶活性和酯酶活性,结果发现,rα-CA1的水合酶活性(1.52±0.120 U/mg)几乎是rα-CA2(0.54±0.046 U/mg)的3倍,表明rα-CA1催化CO₂的水合能力明显大于rα-CA2。而两者的酯酶活性并没有显著的差别(rα-CA1比活力:0.697±0.176 U/g,rα-CA2比活力:0.743±0.129 U/g),说明催化乙酸对硝基苯酯(p-NPA)生成对硝基苯酚(p-NP)的能力是没有显著差别的。实验结果证实这2个α-CA为功能蛋白,可能参与海带无机碳吸收和储存过程,因此,本研究为海带无机碳吸收和储存机制的解析提供了生物化学依据。     

酸性电解水的减菌化参数对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肌肉生化特性的影响

以肌动球蛋白含量、Ca2+-ATPase酶活性、总巯基活性(T-SH)和活性巯基(A-SH)含量为考察指标,研究了用不同pH的酸性电解水、以不同的时间对凡纳滨对虾进行减菌化处理后,对虾肌肉的生理特性及肌肉品质的变化。结果表明:电解水的酸性越强、处理时间越长,对虾的肌动球蛋白、T-SH和A-SH的含量越低,Ca2+-ATPase的酶活越小。当对虾在pH分别为2.62、3.18、4.06的酸性电解水中处理60min后,肌动球蛋白含量分别损失了98.7%、90.0%、73.7%,Ca2+-ATPase的失活率分别为93.4%、87.8%、84.3%,T-SH含量分别减少了57.8%、42.3%、40.3%,A-SH含量分别减少了77.8%、65.9%、30.7%。说明酸性电解水的减菌化条件对虾肉的生化指标影响显著。     

海带中岩藻聚糖硫酸酯提取工艺评价模型的建立与探讨

采用均匀设计从海带中热水提取岩藻聚糖硫酸酯,以粗多糖提取率(Yw)、岩藻糖提取率(Yf)和硫酸根提取率(Ys)为评价指标,并采用综合加权评分法综合考虑各试验因素对以上三个指标的影响.利用Minitab软件分析加权值Y与各因素的相关性,再通过回归方程优化岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的工艺参数.建立了加权值Y与提取温度(X1)、提取时间(X2)和液料比(X3)之间的二次回归模型,即Y=65.2+0.555x1+1.73x2+0.587x3+0.0236x12+0.0939x32-0.110x1x2.优化后获得最佳提取工艺参数.     

巯基棉分离富集ICP-OES测定岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉

盐岩矿的水溶法开采是获得人类生活必需品和重要工业原料——盐的重要途径之一。在水溶法开采中,岩盐矿中的水溶性重金属会随着母液到达地表环境和后续的岩盐产品中,可能对地表环境造成污染和危害人体健康,故对岩盐矿中水溶性重金属的检测非常重要。岩盐矿中的水溶性铜铅锌镉含量较低,而盐分含量过高,过高的盐分含量会影响ICP-OES的雾化效率,故很难用ICP-OES直接测量重金属含量。本文以巯基棉为吸附材料,从溶液pH、洗脱液浓度、洗脱液体积等方面研究了分离富集岩盐矿中水溶性铜铅锌镉的实验条件。结果表明,在pH=7的介质中,巯基棉对铜铅锌镉有良好的吸附性能,被吸附的铜铅锌镉可用7 m L盐酸(15%)定量洗脱,溶液中的钠对吸附无明显影响。对解吸后的溶液,铜铅锌镉的回收率均≥92.2%,钠回收率仅0.04%,基本实现了铜铅锌镉与钠的分离,达到了ICP-OES检测要求。