单细胞绿藻的77K荧光特异性研究

实验测定了10种单细胞绿藻包括5种淡水藻:雪衣藻(Chlamydomonas nivalis UTEX2765)、椭圆小球藻(Chlorella ellipsoidea CH)、绿球藻(Chloroccum tatrense UTEX2227)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、雨生红球藻(Haematococcus sp.CSIRO:CS-321)和5种海水藻:杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)、四爿藻(Tetraselmis sp.)、蒜头藻(Monodus subterraneus)、小新月藻(Closterium venus)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的77k荧光光谱,并与大型海洋绿藻以及高等植物菠菜进行了比较。结果表明,10种单细胞绿藻都缺少作为高等植物PSⅠ主要表征的730nm长波荧光峰。按荧光主峰的波长,可以分为2种类型:雪衣藻、绿球藻、杜氏盐藻、四爿藻、蒜头藻、小新月藻、亚心形扁藻的荧光主峰位于684nm,椭圆小球藻、斜生栅藻、雨生红球藻的荧光主峰位于714nm。这个结果与海洋管藻目绿藻和某些大型海洋绿藻的荧光特性一致。另外,绿藻PSⅠ缺少730nm长波荧光峰具有普遍性,预示这些藻类在PSⅠ结构以及能量传递等方面与高等植物有很大的差异。     

黄海西部、渤海海域盒管藻科Capsosiphonaceae(石莼目Ulvales)的分类研究

盒管藻科Capsosiphonaceae由Chapman[1](1952)建立,隶属于绿藻门石莼目Ulvales,目前仅包括1个海藻属即盒管藻属Capsosiphon Gobi[2](1879)。Setchelletal.[3](1920)、Chapman[4](1956)、Bliding[5](1963)、Chihara[6](1967)、Vino-gradova[7](1974)、Garbaryetal.[8](1982)报道过此属的物种。     

Steroids from green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell

Six steroids have been isolated from ethanolic extract of green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setehell by a combination of repeated normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Using spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR, their structures were determined as β-lawsaritol (1), saringosterol (2), 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl-cholesterol (3), β-stigmasterol (4), stigmast-4-en-3α, 6β-diol (5), 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 (28)-dien-3β-ol (6). All these compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time and they were inactive (IC5010 μg/ml) against KB, Bel-7402, PC-3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.     

环境因子对萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentaria)丝状体孢子放散的影响

在实验室条件下,以本实验室保存的萱藻丝状体为材料,研究了温度(7—27℃),光照强度[18—126μmol/(m2.s)]和丝状体生物量(0.1—1.6mg/ml)对萱藻孢子放散的影响。结果显示:(1)温度为12℃最适宜萱藻孢子的放散,在此温度下,孢子放散量大,放散速度快;(2)光照强度对孢子的放散具有重要影响,72μmol/(m2.s)为刺激萱藻孢子放散的最佳光照条件;(3)萱藻丝状体生物量过低,则孢子放散量较小无法达到采苗要求,而过高亦会抑制孢子的放散,生物量为0.8mg/ml时最适宜孢子的放散。     

60Co-γ射线诱变条斑紫菜丝状体的研究

利用＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线对条斑紫菜Ｐｏｒｐｈｙｒａ ｙｅｚｏｅｎｓｉｓ自由丝状体进行诱变。经照射后,丝状体受到严重损伤,但部分仍具钻入贝壳的能力。部分丝状体发生颜色变异,而且后代叶状体也表现为相同的颜色。部分未变异的丝状体在放散出壳孢子,并萌发幼苗后也表达了颜色变异。低剂量的照射可以促进藻体的生长,并产生形态上的变异。对照射藻体的海上栽培实验也进行了观察和测量。     

琵琶潭瀑布岩溶沉积物生物多样性研究

为了探索瀑布岩溶沉积物中生物多样特征, 2006年12月对贵阳市琵琶潭瀑布岩溶沉积环境进行了野外生态学调查,采集样品和标本25份。经室内初步分析和鉴定, 该瀑布岩溶沉积物中含有5大生物多样性类群共33个物种,它们是蓝细菌( Cya no bacteria) 2个种,原生动物( Pr oto zoan) 12个种,绿藻( Green algae ) 1个种,硅藻( Dia toms) 10个种和苔藓植物( Bry ophy tes) 8个种。生物多样性在琵琶潭岩溶沉积形成中的地质生态学贡献主要表现在: ( 1)生物表面为淡水碳酸钙晶体提供了附着基础; ( 2) 绿色植物光合作用转移了二氧化碳,有助于碳酸钙沉积;( 3)生物群落为瀑布岩溶沉积提供了骨架; ( 4) 生物群落在一定程度上控制和影响了岩溶沉积形态。      

开发大型绿藻的意义与途径

本文阐明了大型绿藻的基本化学成分,营养与药用价值,以及国内、台湾,日本、苏联、西欧等国利用的概况。提出今后开发的基本途径与研究方向。     

SPECIES COMPOSITION, HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION AND SEASONAL SUCCESSION OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE CHANNEL FROM DONGTING LAKE TO THE CHANGJIANG RIVER, CHINA

The species composition, horizontal distribution and seasonal succession of the phyto-plankton at five sampling stations in the channel between Dongting Lake and the Changjiang River, China were studied from May 1995 to December 1997. A total of 416 taxa were observed; diatoms comprised the most diverse taxonomic group representing 58.2 % of the total species. The β-mezotrophic indicators were 92 taxa or 22 % of the total, the a-mezotrophic or α, β-eutrophic indicators decreased distinctly to 20 taxa or 4.8 % of the total. The species number and composition of various phyla were approximately similar at Stations 1, 2, 3 and 4, but at Station 5 the number of species was the minimum and the ratio of diatoms to total phytoplankton in the number of species was the highest. In seasonal succession of the phytoplank-ton species, the number was the highest in May and June, lower in December, January, March and July in the channel. The dominant species were different in different months. The ratio of diatoms species number to blue green algae and green algae species number diminished gradually from winter to summer and autumn, and then increased gradually from autumn to winter and early spring in the annual cycle. Margalef, Simpson and Shannon—Weaver diversity indices changed in different months, their values were higher in winter, lower in summer. Nygaard‘s diatoms quotients were lower in winter, then in spring and autumn, higher in summer. These results indicated that the water quality was the best in winter, better in spring and autumn than in summer. The relationship between the structure of the phytoplankton communi-ty and the water environmental quality was discussed.     

高家山生物群中的非矿化微生物假形化石：埃迪卡拉纪末期生物软躯体保存方式的新认识

陕西南部宁强地区的李家沟剖面灯影组高家山生物群产有大量磷酸盐化实体化石,包括各类管状化石、瓶状化石、疑难化石以及钙化蓝细菌等,类型丰富。近年来,随着研究的深入,微生物假形化石在该生物群中也被不断发现。由于微生物假形化石是生物死亡后腐解埋藏过程中生物体被微生物（球状和丝状蓝细菌）直接取代,因而原始生物体的结构形态得以完好保存。微生物可以通过改变环境中的物理化学条件使磷酸盐富集和快速堆积,对生物的非矿物组织包括软躯体的保存起到了很重要的作用。根据替代程度不同可以划分为完全替代类型和未完全替代类型。这一发现提供了高家山生物群中生物非矿化组织的另一种保存方式。微生物通过铸型完整复制了生物软躯体以及可能的胚胎形态特征,提供了对此时期软躯体保存的新认识。