高浓度CO2对条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)生长和一些生理生化特征的影响

本试验利用CO2培养箱，通过不同CO2浓度的空气通气培养，研究高浓度CO2对条浒苔（Enteromorpha clathrata）生长、光合作用及有关生理生化特征的影响。高浓度CO2使得海水中的溶解性无机碳浓度增加，而pH值下降。700μL/L和5000μL/L的CO2浓度培养条件使条浒苔的相对生长速率分别提高了12％和23％。而光合能力均下降25％。5000μL/L的CO2浓度使得条浒苔光合作用光补偿点及无机碳补偿点提高；同时，条浒苔的叶绿素含量及可溶性蛋白含量下降，而可溶性碳水化合物含量增加；另外，条浒苔对NO3的吸收速度增加，而硝酸还原酶活性则下降。700μL/L的CO2浓度比5000μL/L的CO2浓度对这些指标的影响较小。     

大型海藻与海洋微藻间竞争研究进展

由于陆源污染物对海洋的污染日趋加重,藻类水华已成为世界各地近岸海域普遍存在的现象,对人类生活直接造成危害的是一些有毒海洋微藻的水华(即有害赤潮HAB)。但近年来,在海洋沿岸带如河口、海湾等水体较浅的透光层内,以石莼等绿藻为主要代表的大型海藻亦开始泛滥,形成大型海藻的水华,人们注意到,在同一水体内,大型海藻的水华通常与海     

PHYSIOLOGICAL INHIBITORY EFFECT OF OCS IN ARACHIDONIC ACID-RICH PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA （TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYTA）

Parietochloris incisa is an arachidonic acid-rich snow green alga. The main physiological profiles, such as ash free dry weight (AFDW), chlorophyll, carotenoid, protein and total fatty acids (TFA), in this alga exposed to old culture supernatant (OCS) at the decline phase or its crude ethyl acetate extracts (CEAE) were investigated by using tubular photobioreactors of different diameters. Results showed that both OCS and CEAE had strong inhibitory effect on the above physiological parameters. The longer the culture was exposed to OCS and the more CEAE were added into the algal culture, the more the above physiological properties were inhibited. Arachidonic acid (AA), the dominant component of fatty acids in this alga, was also seriously inhibited with respect to total TFA, AFDW of cell mass, or culture volume, due to a prebable reduction of enzymes activities catalyzing chain elongation from C18:1ω9 to AA. These results incontestably evidenced that some CEAE dissolving substances existing in OCS, like auto-inhibitors, inhibited P. incisa growth through feedback. Hence, any efficient removal of auto-inhibitors from algal culture to decrease their bioactivity could be good for maximal production of desired products like AA.     

Purification and characterization of lipoxygenase from Entermorpha clathrata

The purification and characterization of lipoxygenase （LOX, EC 1.13.11.12） from the green algae Enteromorpha clathrata were studied. Two components marked LOX - 1 and LOX - 2 were purified and their molecular masses were estimated to be 102 and 79 ku by SDS - PAGE. Both LOX - 1 and LOX - 2 were stable over the pH wide range 6.0 - 10.0 and had the optimum pH of 10.0 and 8.6, at optimum temperature of 30 and 25℃, respectively. Substrate specificities of LOX - 1 and LOX - 2 were the greatest towards linoleic acid, followed by arachidonic acid and linolenic acid. The Michaelis constant values of LOX - 1 and LOX - 2 were 0.23 and O. 20 mmol/dm^3 with the substrate of linoleic acid. The LOX activities were stimulated greatly by Ca^2＋ but inhibited by Hg2 ~ and the antioxidants such as BHA, BHT and TBHQ. The hydroperoxide products of LOX were analysed by HPLC with the substrate of methyl linoleate, and the results showed that LOX - 1 formed mainly 9-hydroperoxides while LOX - 2 formed both 9- and 13-hydroperoxides at a ratio of 24： 76.     

Steroids from green alga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chaetomorpha basiretorsa</Emphasis> Setchell

Six steroids have been isolated from ethanolic extract of green alga Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell by a combination of repeated normal phase silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography as well as recrystallization. Using spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR, their structures were determined as β-1awsaritol （1）, saringosterol （2）, 24-hydroperoxy-24-vinyl- cholesterol （3）, β-stigmasterol （4）, stigmast-4-en-3α, 6β-diol （5）, 29-hydroxystigmasta-5, 24 （28）-dien-3β-ol （6）. All these compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time and they were inactive （IC50〉10μg/ml） against KB, Bel-7402, PC-3M, Ketr 3 and MCF-7 cell lines.     

萱藻不同发育阶段形态学及生活史的研究

在实验所设定条件下,萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentaria)雌雄配子都可以自由放散,配子结合为合子后发育成为孢子体。孢子体在所设定条件下均可以生长,但其存在形式受到温度影响:在高温(20℃)条件下,孢子体主要以垫状体或类垫状形式存在,孢子体产生的孢子可以发育为新的孢子体;中等温度(13℃)条件下,孢子体以丝状体或类垫状体形式存在,可以产生单室孢子囊,放散的孢子发育为新的叶状体;低温条件下(9℃)孢子体主要以丝状体形式存在,发育缓慢。垫状体主要作为孢子体度夏及自我繁殖的一种形式存在。实验发现配子体的产生与发育主要受温度影响,受光周期影响不明显。     

光合细菌对盐碱地池塘浮游生物的影响

初步研究了在低洼盐碱地池塘中光合细菌（PSB）施用后对浮游生物的影响。研究结果表明：（1）光合细菌的施入,促进了浮游植物中蓝藻门、绿藻门、隐藻门、裸藻门的数量和生物量的增长;硅藻门总体上有所下降,但小型种属增加;（2）光合细菌的施入,促进了浮游生物中枝角类、轮虫,尤其小型轮虫的增长,而桡足类和原生动物却表现出下降趋势;（3）浮游生物总体上表现为数量增加而生物量下降,但绝大部分种属均有不同程度的增加,而且浮游生物种类趋向于小型化,从而增加了鱼类有效的天然饵料,因而光合细菌的施入,可以调整并优化盐碱地池塘的浮游生物的群落结构。     

西沙群岛原绿藻的超微构造研究

于1981年3月在西沙群岛永兴岛采集原绿藻标本。用光镜和电镜对所采原绿藻进行研究。结果表明,原绿藻为简单的原核、单细胞藻类,在同一生境的相同宿主体表有4种不同的细胞构造类型：第1种类型,中央大“液泡”,类囊体单条、平行分散于周围区的细胞质中;第2种类型,中央是大“液泡”,周围区内类囊体多,并形成垛叠;第3种类型,许多小泡充满细胞的大部分,类囊体穿插于小泡之间;第4种类型,有中央大“液泡”,还有许多小泡分散在细胞周围区。上述分类以类囊体和“液泡”的结构和分布为主要分类依据,反映出不同结构的进化意义。表明中国西沙群岛有丰富的原绿藻资源。     

The possibility analysis of habitats, origin and reappearance of bloom green alga （Enteromorpha prolifera） on inshore of western Yellow Sea

Combining some information from field investigation of algae along the coastal areas in China and a few pictures materialized from the western Yellow Sea in 2008,authors analyze the necessary conditions and possible water area in China producing a large biomass,some reasons for firestorm,and the possibility of the reappearance of marine bloom green alga Enteromorpha prolifera.The change of habitats and the increase of nutritional levels related to the water area could be considered as direct reasons.It was ...     

An improved PCR method for direct identification of Porphyra （Bangiales, Rhodophyta） using conchocelis based on a RUBISCO intergenic spacer

An improved method of PCR in which the small segment of conchocelis is amplified directly without DNA extraction was used to amplify a RUBISCO intergenic spacer DNA fragment from nine species of red algal genus Porphyra(Bangiales,Rhodophyta),including Porphyra yezoensis(Jiangsu,China),P.haitanensis(Fujian,China),P.oligospermatangia(Qingdao,China),P.katadai(Qingdao,China),P.tenera(Qingdao,China),P.suborboculata(Fujian,China),P.pseudolinearis(Kogendo,Korea),P.linearis(Devon,England),and P.fallax(Seattle,USA)....