中华原钩虾(Eogammarus possjeticus)对浒苔(Ulva prolifera)及其他类型饵料的摄食研究

采用生理生态学方法,研究了中华原钩虾(Eogammaruspossjeticus)对黄海绿潮原因种浒苔(Ulva prolifera)及海水池塘4种优势大型海藻,即肠浒苔(Ulva intestinalis)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、线形硬毛藻(Chaetomorphalinum)和丝毛藻(Cloniophorasp.)的摄食率,比较了对浒苔与其他不同类型饵料(包括人工饵料)的摄食,开展了不同密度的中华原钩虾对浒苔的现场摄食研究。结果显示,中华原钩虾的摄食率、饵料吸收率与海藻的含水量成呈正相关,表明该端足类存在明显的补偿性摄食行为。对不同类型饵料的摄食结果显示,中华原钩虾除了摄食海藻,对豆粕、虾饲料等人工饵料也具有较高的饵料吸收率,表明其可人工投喂培育。中华原钩虾具有一定摄食节律,夜晚摄食量高于白昼,表明夜晚投喂有利于中华原钩虾摄食,可减少饵料污染,有利于清洁生产。现场摄食实验结果显示,中华原钩虾摄食量随养殖密度的增加而增加,但其摄食率和存活率与养殖密度呈负相关,表明高密度时中华原钩虾竞争摄食增加了饵料消耗,同时中华原钩虾为抵抗养殖密度过高造成的竞争而增加能量等消耗。     

南海3种可食绿藻化学成分及其营养评价

对南海3种可食绿藻条浒苔(Enterom orpha clathrata)、石莼(Ulva lactucaL.)和总状蕨藻(Caulerpa racem o-sa)的主要化学成分进行了分析,结果显示:多糖、蛋白质和粗纤维是构成藻体的主要化学成分,占藻体的92%以上,其中膳食纤维占64.22%~70.80%;蛋白质占14.15%~18.91%,平均为16.16%,且蛋白质中必需氨基酸含量高,占总氨基酸的42.37%~48.37%,氨基酸评分在73分以上,第一限制氨基酸随藻种而变化;脂肪含量在0.51%~0.81%之间,均低于1%,多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量高,其含量分别为其总量的56.10%~63.20%和37.71%~39.39%;矿物质和维生素含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn、I等矿质元素和维生素C含量高。3种可食绿藻是高膳食纤维,高蛋白,低脂肪,低热能,且富含矿物质和维生素的天然理想保健食品原料。     

Study on cryopreservation of Porphyra yezoensis conchocelis

Cryopreservation of Porphyra yezoensis conchocelis was conducted with cryoprotectants and a proposed pretreatment procedure and thawing methods explored. Six cryoprotectants combined by DMSO with ethylene glycol （EG）, propylene glycol （PEG）, sorbitol and sucrose were developed. The effect of prefreezing at -40℃ or -20℃ for different time durations was compared and the thawing methods were screened. It was shown that the cryoprotectant including 10% DMSO with 0.5 molL^-1 sorbitol exhibited the optimal effect. The ideal pretreatment was that conchocelis segments were stayed for 20min at -40℃ before stored in liquid nitrogen, and 40℃ water bath was proper for quick thawing. The highest recovery rate of cryopreserved P. yezoensis conchocelis reached 89.41%.     

海产绿藻束生刚毛藻(Cladophora fascicularis)的分类地位探讨

针对国际上海洋绿藻束生刚毛藻Cladophorafascicularis与C.vagabunda的同物异名争议,本文对采集于海南岛莺歌海的束生刚毛藻进行了形态学观察。从55个样品的形态特征观测及分析中获得了用于其物种鉴定的主要特征为:藻体丛生,黄绿色,往往纠缠在一起,高3—23cm;基部为不规则分枝的假根状,往往多个植株的假根粘连在一起;直立部分叉状或多不规则叉状分枝,主枝可产生多个分枝或产生分级的分枝;上部枝多个密集成束,偏生于一侧,末位小枝侧生,多向内侧弯曲,略呈栉状排列,枝端钝尖;主轴细胞长宽比为3—6.5,侧枝细胞长宽比为3—5,小枝细胞长宽比为1.5—5,末位细胞长宽比为1.2—5。结合形态特征比较以及分子数据分析,本文探讨了束生刚毛藻与C. vagabunda的同物异名问题,认为束生刚毛藻可作为独立种存在。     

苏北浅滩绿藻从定生到漂浮过程中的组成及其生长特性

本文研究了苏北浅滩紫菜养殖筏架上附生的定生绿藻及海面上的漂浮绿藻在3月底和5月初的群落组成及其演替变化。分别通过设置滩涂围隔实验和船基围隔实验,研究附着态和漂浮态绿藻和浒苔(Ulvaprolifera)的相对生长率,分析浒苔在苏北浅滩的实际生长状况以及滩涂潮水涨落对于浒苔成为优势种的影响,以期了解其暴发绿潮的原因。结果显示3月底定生绿藻群落主要以曲浒苔(U. flexuosa)和盘苔(Blidingia minima)为主要优势种,未见浒苔出现。5月初定生绿藻群落中主要以盘苔和扁浒苔(U.compressa)为优势种,其中浒苔只占15%。而在5月初海面漂浮的绿藻中,浒苔成为主要优势种,比例达到76%。在设置的船基围隔和滩涂围隔的生长实验中,均以5月初定生绿藻为初始生物量,其中附着态浒苔在转变为漂浮态浒苔过程中都获得了较高生长率,其平均相对生长率分别为53.0和64.2%/d,而漂浮态浒苔在船基围隔中获得相对生长率则较低,为19.1%/d。实验结果表明,定生绿藻中定生浒苔更快适应漂浮状态,可以通过高生长率迅速成为漂浮绿藻中的绝对优势种,为其暴发绿潮奠定生物量基础。     

Acclimatory responses to high-salt stress in Chlamydomonas (Chlorophyta, Chlorophyceae) from Antarctica

Antarctic ice microalga can survive and thrive in channels or pores containing high salinity in Antarctic ice layer. In this study, it was found that cell membrane permeability of green microalga Chlamydomonas sp. L4 from Antarctic sea ice was high in cells treated with hypersalinity due to the induction of active oxygen and radicals. However, increased super oxide dismutase (SOD) scavenged harmful free radicals effectively to keep cell membrane integrity. Also, the analysis of membrane fatty acids demonstrated the content of saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased under the high-salt treatment for 14 d, which effectively reduced the membrane fluidity and minimized the injury to cell membrane. The morphological changes showed that hypersalinity induced the increase of cell volume and the consumption of starch granules. However, because of the increase in detoxification of vacuoles, electron-dense deposits and SOD activity under high-salt stress, the complete noninterference thylakoids, mitochondria and cell nucleus maintained cellular fundamental metabolism. Global-expression profiling of proteins showed eight protein spots disappeared, 18 protein spots decreased and 18 protein spots were enhanced after the high-salt shock obviously (P<0.05). One new peptide (pI 6.90; MW 51 kDa) was primarily confirmed as the processor of light reaction center protein CP43 in photosystem Ⅱ, which increased photosynthesis ability of Chlamydomonas sp. L4 treated with high salinity.     

Optimization of fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） for the identification of two polar coccoid green algae species

Standard FISH protocols using fluorochrome-labeled oligonucteotide probes have been successfully applied for in situ detection.However,optimized protocols of FISH for specific eukaryotes in marine environments are often not developed.This study optimized the conditions of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by using two polar isolated microalgae.The modified conditions were as follows: (1) 10 mg·mL-1 lysozyme solution pretreatment at 37℃ for 30 min;(2) the hybridization buffer including 20% formamide;(3) the hybridization condition was 47℃ for 6 h. The cells enumerated by FISH were compared with those enumerated by flow eytometry (FCM) and DAPI to confirm the cell loss and hybridization efficiency.The optimized protocol was also successfully applied to Arctic Ocean samples,which were found to be dominated by Micromonas sp.The modified protocol showed a high relative efficiency and could be successfully applied for the detection of specific microbial eukaryotes in environmental samples.     

世界上首次培育成功共生的原绿藻

正海南南海热带海洋研究所首次在世界上培养成功共生的原绿藻(Prochloron didamni Lewin),该藻属于原绿藻门,为该门目前仅有的一个共生物种。由于它的特殊性,全世界在此之前都还没有人让它离开宿主培养成功。1975年美国藻类学家Lewin在海鞘的泄殖腔内首次发现原绿藻,此后在世界其他热带海域先后发现该藻,中国著名藻类学家曾呈奎院士1975年晚于Lewin教授在西沙发现该藻,后来还做了超显微结构的研究。Lewin根据自己的     

居住在海洋中的光合生物 海藻

作为居住在海洋中的光合生物,海藻与大多数陆地植物有很大的不同,它在一些海岸环境中发挥着重要的作用。海藻将光能以有机物质的形式转化为化学能,并最终变成其他海洋生物的食物。海藻也供给陆地和海洋生物赖以生存的氧气。像单细胞藻一样,海藻是真核的藻类,结构和繁殖也更为复杂。但相较陆地植物,海藻仍然缺乏高度特化的结构和更为有利的繁殖机制。海藻分为三个种类:绿藻、褐藻及红藻。通过天然的色泽来分辨海藻的不同种群并不是件容易的事情,因为它们有着不同含量组成的叶绿素及其他色素。     

现代绿藻和蓝细菌富集金的模拟实验

现代绿藻、蓝细菌富集金的实验模拟表明：菌藻生物对金有强烈的富集作用，但不同的生物对金的富集作用的强弱不同，蓝细菌较绿藻对金的富集作用强烈。生物对金的富集作用不是表面吸附，而是参与生物生理活动的吸收作用。