广西海监工作任重道远

羊年伊始，广西海洋局捷报频传：１月荣获2002年度全国海域管理先进单位称号；2月16日中国海监广西壮族自治区总队在南宁市正式挂牌成立。国家海洋局王曙光局长、自治区人民政府王万宾副主席亲自为总队的成立揭牌并作了重要指示。这支队伍的成立，标志着广西又一支海上综合执法     

太平洋命名的历史

在一个风帆远航为海上最快速交通工具的时代里,大陆和海洋向着不可知的远方延伸着,人类显然无法测定各大海域的界限。在一些有关混沌初开的神话传说里,人类深感大海的浩渺辽阔,以人类自身的渺小,如何给这片无边无际的永恒大海命名呢?     

浅议我国水权制度的构建问题

4月22日，是人类关爱地球家园的节日——“世界地球日”。今年是第37个“世界地球日”，我国宣传主题是“善待地球——珍惜资源、持续发展”。本刊的以下四篇章，即为此而组稿。     

实行生态移民改善生态环境--关于整合扶贫与生态整治的战略思考

经过几十年，特别是20世纪90年代扶贫攻坚计划实施，我国扶贫工作取得了巨大成就，但目前我国还有约3000万贫困人口，这些人口主要聚集在生态环境恶劣地区。事实上，以往正是由于这些地区人口活动造成毁林开荒，过度垦牧，严重恶化了生态环境。目前，我国已成为世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里，约占国土面积的38％，并以每年1万平方公里的速度在增加。西北黄土高原是我国水土流失最严重的地区，长江流域也面对巨大的生态隐患。我国还是世界上沙漠化危害严重的国家之一。     

Characters of the Pco2 and CO2 Flux in the East China Sea in Autumn

Pco2 of air and seawater samples from the East China Sea(ECS) were measured in situ in autumn, 1994,Ocean currents,terrestrial fluviation,biological activities,etc.,Pco2 char-acters in air and seawater were investigated,CO2 flux and its character in the East China Sea are discussed on the basis of the Pco2 profiles of air and seawater,It was clear that the nearshore was the source of CO2;and tht the oulter sea area was the sink of CO2; and that the shelf area of the EXS is a net sink for atmospheric CO2 in autumn.     

2005年油价上涨压力将缓解

自2004年年初开始，国际原油市场笼罩在供求紧张的阴影之下，油价一度出现的螺旋式大幅攀升牵动了世界各国经济决策层的神经。市场分析家们认为，随着世界经济增长速度放慢，2005年油价上涨的压力有望得到缓解。     

善待地球——珍惜资源 持续发展：第37个世界地球日剪影

4月22日,为纪念第三十七个世界地球日,青海省国土资源厅在西宁市中心广场举行了以“善待地球——珍惜资源,持续发展”及“走过十五——国土资源可持续发展”大型图片展宣传活动,省国土资源厅、西宁市国土资源局的干部职工和青海师范大学学生组织的志愿者参加了本次活动。马建堂     

海洋科技人才与成果的摇篮——青岛海洋大学

青岛海洋大学是一所以海洋和水产学科为特色的重点综合大学。1999年11月，经国家批准，成为“九五”期间“211工程”重点建设高校。数年来，青岛海大致力于“211工程”建设，在物理海洋学、水产养殖学、海洋药物学和海洋化学学科4个重点学科建设中取得丰硕成果。     

Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ：Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean

The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12 seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay. The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting certain seasonal unit river flows (m³/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions, so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m²·d)/(m³/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate. Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m²·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production. These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth. This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic Administration.     

世界地球日

1970年4月22日,美国的丹尼斯·海斯在校园发起和组织了群众性的环境保护运动。在这一天,全美国约有 2000 多万人走上街头,举行游行、集会和演讲,呼吁政府采取措施保护环境。这次规模盛大的活动震撼朝野,促使美国政府于 70 年代初通过了水污染控制法和清洁大气法的修正案,并成立了美国环保局。从此,美国民间组织提议把 4 月 22 日定为“地球日”,它的影响随着环境保护的发展而日趋扩大并超过了美国国界,得到了世界许多国家的积极响应。1972 年联合国人类环境会议在斯德哥尔摩召开,1973 年联合国环境规划署成立。到1990年4月22 日,我国原国务…