基于两种数据传输途径的国家级地面自动站逐小时数据差异分析

对2006-2009年两种途径（A文件和Z文件）上传的2400多国家级自动站观测的小时常规六要素资料进行了对比分析。结果表明：两种途径得到的小时数据中,2 min风和10 min风的不一致率较高,主要由两种文件对于风速为零时风向的规定不同造成,其他要素的不一致率相对较低;在不一致数据中,各要素在仪器误差允许范围内的比率分别为气温23.27 %、气压5.4 %、相对湿度23.19 %、降水65.42 %、2 min风12.93 %、10 min风14.16 %。     

一个两时间层分裂显格式海洋环流模式(MASNUM)及其检验

A two-time-level, three-dimensional numerical ocean circulation model（named MASNUM） was established with a two-level, single-step Eulerian forward-backward time-differencing scheme. A mathematical model of large-scale oceanic motions was based on the terrain-following coordinated, Boussinesq, Reynolds-averaged primitive equations of ocean dynamics. A simple but very practical Eulerian forward-backward method was adopted to replace the most preferred leapfrog scheme as the time-differencing method for both barotropic and baroclinic modes. The forward-backward method is of second-order of accuracy, computationally efficient by requiring only one function evaluation per time step, and free of the computational mode inherent in the three-level schemes. This method is superior to the leapfrog scheme in that the maximum time step of stability is twice as large as that of the leapfrog scheme in staggered meshes thus the computational efficiency could be doubled. A spatial smoothing method was introduced to control the nonlinear instability in the numerical integration. An ideal numerical experiment simulating the propagation of the equatorial Rossby soliton was performed to test the amplitude and phase error of this new model. The performance of this circulation model was further verified with a regional（northwest Pacific） and a quasi-global（global ocean simulation with the Arctic Ocean excluded） simulation experiments. These two numerical experiments show fairly good agreement with the observations. The maximum time step of stability in these two experiments were also investigated and compared between this model and that model which adopts the leapfrog scheme.     

琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.     

深海会聚区波导不变量特征研究及应用

为了解决深海会聚区目标及其运动态势难以判断的问题,在研究会聚区形成条件和其声场传播规律以及波导不变量理论的基础上,对典型深海环境不同位置的声强距离-频率分布图中的干涉条纹特征进行理论分析和仿真验证。结果表明,深海会聚区存在与其他区域不同的干涉条纹特征,其对应的波导不变量?值为负。本文提出了利用会聚区特有的干涉条纹特征,对会聚区目标及其运动态势进行初步判断的方法,仿真结果和试验数据表明,判断方法具有可行性和有效性。     

海洋水声通信节点的耐压舱体设计及多重应力分析

水下通信节点是实现深水通信的重要载体,也是实现海洋开发和勘测的重要设备,耐压舱体是承受外部压力、保护内部设备正常工作的重要装置。为了满足在海洋1 500 m深度的实际应用需要,采用传统的耐压舱体结构设计整体分析的方法,对整体结构的稳定性进行了设计验证;在实际工程应用中,因局部特殊结构的需要破坏了耐压舱体的整体连续性,使得局部的应力突变和结构的不稳定造成整体的设计失败,耐压舱体的合理性设计也变得非常复杂;根据耐压舱体几何结构连续和不连续性,将耐压舱体的应力区分为应力连续区和不连续区,结合ANSYS数值仿真的方法进行分析,通过局部加厚的方法,在满足实际需要的前提下,尽可能减小厚度降低成本。     

高光谱大气红外探测仪(AIRS)反演大气不稳定度指数在强对流天气个例中的应用试验

使用探空、NCEP-FNL,数据和高光谱分辨率大气垂直探测仪(AIRS)标准反演数据计算大气不稳定度指数,对2011年6月23日北京强对流天气发生前的本地及上游大气中不稳定能量进行分析研究。分析发现:利用08、14和20时探空数据计算的北京站不稳定度指数显示了在"6·23暴雨"过程发生前后北京上空不稳定能量变化,上游关键区无探空数据;利用NCEP和AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数显示,强对流天气发生前,在北京的上游关键区大气处于极端不稳定状态(K指数大于40,SI指数小于一5),有利于强对流天气发生。文章的研究结果表明,探空数据时空分辨率较低,不利于监测强对流天气的发生;质量控制后AIRS数据计算的不稳定度指数可以监测对流天气的发生;空间分辨率较低的NCEP数据监测小范围大气不稳定层结能力较低。综上所述,AIRS反演产品具有弥补探空资料时空分辨率不足的优势,利用AIRS L2反演产品计算晴空大气不稳定度指数产品可以监测到"6·23暴雨"天气发生前上游关键区大气层结稳定度状态,为预报员决策提供有效的辅助信息。     

基于多时相遥感的鄂尔多斯市不透水面变化分析

不透水面作为城市发展和生态环境的重要评估因子,在保障生态环境健康和城市可持续发展中具有重大意义。本文以鄂尔多斯为研究区,通过融合多时相Landsat和夜间灯光数据,提取1990—2019年的不透水面信息,并利用重心分析法、标准差椭圆理论和景观指数理论分析时空演变规律。研究结果表明:①1990—2019年鄂尔多斯市不透水面经历了快速扩张;东北部不透水面覆盖度高于西南部;不透水面的扩张模式总体上表现为“向外扩张-向内加密”。②东北部扩张速度减缓,西南部扩张速度增快。③不透水面扩张的方向性减弱;不透水面扩张的方向有由“东北-西南”向“东-西”转变的趋势。④斑块数量及边缘斑块破碎度增加,城市与郊区的连通性增强,城市有向周边郊区扩张的趋势。本文研究对于进一步了解城市生态环境健康与城市可持续发展的相关关系具有一定的参考价值。     

船载绝对重力仪测量系统的误差修正模型及不确定度分析

目前的激光干涉绝对重力仪均在静态环境下工作,而动态环境下的绝对重力测量是技术发展的热点之一。船载绝对重力测量能够很好地克服海洋相对重力测量仪器的零漂、标定、误差累积等问题,提高作业效率和可靠性。基于激光干涉绝对重力仪工作原理设计了一个船载绝对重力仪测量系统,该系统由绝对重力测量系统、陀螺仪稳定平台、力平衡式加速度计和GPS（global positioning system）组成。通过对影响船载绝对重力测量系统的垂直波动、纵摇横摇、水平波动以及厄特弗斯效应等4类干扰源进行分析,给出了该系统正常工作的动态限制条件、误差修正方法和修正精度,验证了在现有技术条件下,船载绝对重力仪测量系统的测量精度可以优于±1.1 mGal,为进一步的船载绝对重力测量实验提供理论支撑。