酶解糙刺参内脏团蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺研究

为了能够有效利用糙刺参内脏蛋白,以水解度为主要指标,对酶解蛋白酶进行了筛选,并系统研究了酶解温度、p H、加酶量和水解时间等单因素对水解度的影响。在此基础上,利用响应面中心组合设计实验,对酶解工艺进行了优化,得到以温度、p H、加酶量及水解时间为因子的二次方程,通过方差分析和验证性实验得出,此二次方程能较好反应海参内脏团蛋白水解度的变化规律,得到最佳水解条件为:温度52.66℃,p H 6.71,加酶量2.5%(质量分数),酶解时间10 h,预测最高水解度为49.58%。最佳酶解条件下所得多肽74%以上分子质量小于500 Da。利用DPPH法测定最佳条件酶解所得多肽的抗氧化活性,3 g/L的抗氧化率达到了24.8%,利用ABTS法测定最佳条件酶解所得多肽的抗氧化活性,3 g/L的抗氧化率达到了0.255μmol/g。为海参内脏蛋白的利用提供了参考。     

南移养殖仿刺参（StichopusjaponicusSelenka）铁蛋白基因的克隆及表达特征分析

采用cDNA文库、RACE、荧光定量PCR和Westernblot技术,克隆了南移养殖仿刺参铁蛋白基因的全长序列,并对其表达特征进行了研究。结果表明,南移养殖仿刺参铁蛋白cDNA全长1222bp,包括187bp的5’UTR;513bp的3’UTR和编码173个氨基酸残基的522bp的开放阅读框。诸如铁结合序列标签和铁调...     

热带珊瑚礁区红腹海参及绿刺参食物来源分析——脂肪酸标志法

沉积食性海参通过大量摄取沉积物在热带珊瑚礁生态系统中发挥重要的生态功能,但其食物来源组成尚不清楚.本文研究了海南三亚近岸典型珊瑚礁海域红腹海参(Holothuria edulis)及绿刺参(Stichopus chloronotus)脂肪酸组成,利用脂肪酸标志法探讨了夏季和冬季两种海参的食物来源异同.结果表明,红腹海参...     

刺参稚参对蛋白质和脂肪需求量的初步研究

实验设计了粗蛋白水平分别为12％,18％,26％,32％,37％,44％,粗脂肪水平分别为3％,5％,8％,以藻粉、白鱼粉和酪蛋白等为主要原料的刺参实验饲料,用以饲喂平均体质量为0．90g的刺参(Stiehopus japonicus)。经过66d的饲养实验,测定了试验刺参的质量增长率．脏壁比和体成分等指标。结果显示,饲料中粗蛋白、粗脂肪水平对刺参的生长和脏壁比有明显影响。实验刺参在粗蛋白水平为18．21％～24．18％、粗脂肪为5％时获得最大生长,同时获得最低的脏壁比。体成分等指标没有受到饲料中粗蛋白和粗脂肪水平的明显影响。因此可以认为,刺参的最佳蛋白质和脂肪需要量分别为18.21％～24.18％和5％。     

Downstream movement of fry of galaxias fasciatus gray (note)

The fry of Galaxias fasciatus Gray were recorded for the first time, being carried downstream on a flood. Attempts to rear the fry in tanks in fresh and in salt water were unsuccessful, but those kept in salt water began to feed and survived for several weeks.     

Distribution of sea cucumbers in relation to sediment characteristics in coral reef lagoons and adjacent waters around Ishigaki Island,southern Japan

To elucidate which environmental factors affect lagoonal‐scale sea cucumber distributions in Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, intertidal and subtidal areas of three coral reef lagoons were classified into several ground divisions by bottom characteristics, and sea cucumber densities therein were compared with the composition of sediment cover, grain size and organic content, and coverage of macroalgae, seagrass, and massive corals. Holothuria atra, Holothuria leucospilota, Stichopus chloronotus, and Synapta maculata had highest densities in the nearshore areas but were rare in reef flats, probably because of wave disturbance and low areal cover of sand sediment as potential feeding environments. No relationship was observed between sea cucumber densities and sediment organic content or grain size. Thus, even if these sea cucumbers have selectivity for habitats with a high sediment organic content, the effect of such selectivity on the distribution seems to be limited to relatively small areas. The sea cucumber distributions can be classified by bottom sediment/biota composition into bedrock (H. leucospilota), sand (H. atra), and lagoonal types (St. chloronotus and Sy. maculata). These habitat selections were possibly related to various aspects of sea cucumber ecology such as refuge from predators or turbulence, or settlement and nursery place, which have implications for importance of the complexity of lagoonal‐scale topography and sediment/biota conditions for the coexistence of various holothurian species.     

花刺参幼参摄食和消化器官形态学和组织学研究

花刺参(Stichopus monotuberculatus)是中国热带海参中具有较高经济价值的可食用海参之一.本文以花刺参幼参为实验对象,主要研究其摄食器官触手的形态特征与消化器官肠道不同区段的组织结构.结果 显示,花刺参的口周围共有20个等长的触手,每个触手由柄部和楣状触手组成.檐状触手向外张开呈掌状,从掌心中央向...     

热带典型珊瑚岛礁海洋牧场花刺参底播增殖容量及其生态效应预测

为改善热带珊瑚岛礁型海洋牧场的珊瑚礁生境,实现生物资源的养护和渔业资源的产出功能,在对海参等高值经济种开展底播增殖前,科学评估其生态容量是防止引发海洋牧场生态风险的重要保证。运用生态系统模型法评估了三亚蜈支洲岛热带珊瑚岛礁海洋牧场花刺参(Stichopus monotuberculatus)的底播增殖容量。根据2020~2021年蜈支洲岛海洋牧场近岛区渔业资源调查与环境因子数据,运用Ecopath with Ecosim 6.6软件构建了该海域的生态系统营养通道模型。研究表明:生态系统各功能组营养级范围介于1~3.52,系统的食物网结构以牧食食物链为主,总能流中有43%的能量来源于碎屑功能组,其在系统总能流中有重要地位。系统的总平均能量传递效率为9.353%,略低于林德曼能量传递效率(10%)。总初级生产量/总呼吸量为3.726,总初级生产量/总生物量为28.834,系统连接指数为0.256,杂食性指数为0.120,系统Finn''s循环指数和平均路径长度分别为2.485%和2.379,表明近岛区生态系统食物网结构较为简单,且系统稳定性和成熟度偏低,易受外界干扰。根据模型评估的花刺参增殖生态容量为110.21 t/km²,是现存量的206 倍,有较大增殖空间,并且达到生态容量后碎屑组的能量再循环利用效率将显著增加,营养级结构能得到进一步优化,系统稳定性及成熟度将有所提高。基于研究结果,可适当采捕与花刺参生态位相近的生物,同时增殖放流其他处于不同营养层次的经济种,从而减少种间竞争,有效利用系统冗余能量,进而扩大花刺参的生态容量,实现海洋牧场的健康可持续发展。     

Genetic variability analysis in five populations of the sea cucumber Stichopus (Apostichopus) japonicus from China,Russia, South Korea and Japan as revealed by microsatellite markers

The genetic structure of populations of the sea cucumber Stichopus (Apostichopus) japonicus was investigated using 10 microsatellite markers. In all, 152 individuals from five natural populations were collected from Aomori, Japan (JA and JR), Yosu, South Korea (KY), Dalian, China (CD) and Vladivostock, Russia (RV). A total of 145 alleles were found at 10 loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 at PSC03 to 20 at SCZ06, with an average of 14.5. Average H_o and H_e ranged from 0.260 (JR) to 0.434 (JA) and from 0.654 (RV) to 0.778 (KY), respectively. No significant differences at A, H_o and H_e were found, indicating similar genetic diversity in the five populations. A single allele was found at the PSC05 locus in the RV population. Of the 50 loci, 42 significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, all showing heterozygote deficiency. The genetic distances were all relatively great, ranging from 0.497 (between JA and KY) to 1.029 (between KY and JR). This suggests the five populations are genetically distinct. Cluster analysis indicated that JA, KY and CD form one branch and RV and JR another in the UPGMA tree. A hypothesis is proposed for the evolution of the Japanese red sea cucumbers and the genetic relationship among the populations.     

Effect of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming waste on the growth,digestion, ammonium-nitrogen excretion of sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus)

In this study, specific growth rate (SGR), ingestion rate (IR), food conversion ratio (FCR), apparent digestion ratio (ADR) and ammonium-nitrogen excretion were determined for sea cucumber (Stichopus m...