矿区地质环境的破坏与恢复--以乌海地区为例

矿产资源开发对地质环境的破坏古今皆然。值得重视的是随着现代工业的兴起和发展,采矿业种类的增加和规模的扩大,相当一部分矿山企业在采矿过程中,对地质环境的破坏不仅没有好转,反而日渐加剧,因而,必须加强矿山环境研究,制定有效措施,减少或防止采矿对环境的破坏。     

透明蓝色宝石的鉴别

透明蓝色宝石的鉴别杨开济（湖南省地质研究所长沙４１０００７）关键词蓝色宝石，鉴别ＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｌｕｅＴｒａｎｓｐａｒｅｎｔＧｅｍｓｔｏｎｅｓ￥ＹａｎｇＫａｉｊｉ（ＨｕｎａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ）Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｂ...     

EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用研究进展

对EM技术在我国水环境保护中的应用情况进行了综述,重点介绍了EM技术应用于废水处理领域的研究进展,同时还展望了将来的应用及研究前景.     

唐山南堡开发区污水排海方案的优化选择研究

本文应用现场勘测和数据模拟相结合的方法，预测了开发区近期（２０００年）及远期（２０１０年）的开发建设对该海域的污染影响，探讨了对该海域污染影响较小且技术可行，经济合理的污水排海方案，为开发区的建设和海洋环境保护提供了科学依据和对策。     

天然水体中酚的降解动力学

本文报道了天然水体中低浓度酚的降解动力学;计算了它的降解速率常数、降解活化能等。降解半表期是t_(1/2)=1.5d~(-1)(10℃),t_(1/2)=O.74d~(-1)(30℃)。低浓度酚的降解动力学跟天然水体中酚的降解情况比较接近。本文的结果对环境评价、蓄水库工程设计等很有参考价值。     

碱厂废水光谱特性实验研究

该文报道碱厂废水随浓度变化的光谱实验。分析碱厂废水的光谱特征 ,并与相同浓度的海水悬浮泥沙水体的光谱进行比较 ;确定该废水特征波长为 50 1.3nm。根据光谱实验结果 ,结合当前已有的水色传感器的资料 ,选择两个卫星传感器波段 :Sea WIFS第四频道 (497.2～ 52 1.6 nm)和TM第二频道 (518.9～ 6 0 0 .2 nm) ;利用数字对 (R,c) ,建立了反射率与该污染水体浓度间的相关模式。为遥感技术大面积、快速地监测碱厂废水污染水体提供理论依据。     

人造海洋涌升流和海洋渔场

针对渔业资源日趋减少和鱼产品需求不断增加的矛盾，探讨了建造海底山脉、人工制造海洋涌升流、从而人工制造优良海洋渔场的可行性，分析了我国建造海底山脉的水深、海底和海流条件。介绍了建造海底山脉的建筑方法和国际上建造海底山脉的最新动态。论述了我国在200n mile以内建造海底山脉的有利条件。     

Environmental Investigation and Evaluation of Land Subsidence in the Datong Coalfield Based on InSAR Technology

Heavy mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous horizontal coal seams in the Datong coalfield has seriously affected the local geological environment, which is mainly manifested by such geohazards as soil avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface subsidence, surface cracks, surface solid waste accumulation and surface deformation. More seriously, coal mining causes groundwater to leak. Overpumping of groundwater has resulted in substantial land subsidence of the urban area in Datong City. Based on the previous geo-environmental investigation in the work area, the authors used radar remote sensing techniques such as InSAR （synthetic aperture radar interferometry） and D-InSAR （differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry）, supplemented by the optical remote sensing method, for geo-environmental investigation to ascertain the geo-environmental background of the Datong Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian coalfield and evaluate the effects of the geohazards, thus providing a basis for the geo-environmental protection, geohazard control and prevention, land improvement and optimization of the human environment. In this study 8 cog-nominal ERS-1/2 SAR data frames during 1992 to 2003 were used, but the following processing was made： （1） the multitemporal SAR magnitude images were used to interpret the geological structure, vegetation, microgeomorphology and drainage system; （2） the multi-temporal InSAR coherent images were used to make a classification of surface features and evaluate the coherence change due to coal mining; and （3） the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images were used to complete D-InSAR processing to remove the information of differential deformation areas （sites）. In the end, a ten-year time series of differential interferograms were obtained using the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images. In the tests, 84 deformed areas （sites） were obtained, belonging to those in 1993-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-2001, 1998-2002 and 2001-2003 respectively. Of the 84 areas, 44 are m