豫西秦岭杂岩变质带的分布及主期变质时代的限定

豫西秦岭杂岩中变质分级可呈与造山带大致平行的带状分布,从两侧向中心变质级别升高,尤其南侧分带明显:由南向北,依次为黑云母带-石榴子石带-蓝晶石带-夕线石带,直至斜方辉石带,而不是整体上经历了麻粒岩相变质作用。局部发生的麻粒岩相变质未见明显向角闪岩相变质转化的退变结构。通过几种岩石的锆石LA-MC-ICPMS测年研究,多数样品中的锆石经受了后期强烈的改造,同位素体系或多或少被重置。尽管如此,侵位花岗岩和伟晶岩年龄限定了主期变质作用的时代应老于484±3Ma,并可能与早期的榴辉岩相变质作用在演化上有联系。主期变质(不包括榴辉岩相变质)性质与经典的巴罗式变质带可以对比;此外,研究区未经历明显的地壳增厚,与高喜马拉雅结晶岩系类似,秦岭杂岩可能经历了中、下地壳物质沿隧道流上升过程。     

Side-Scan Sonar Characteristics and Manganese Nodule Abundance in the Clarion—Clipperton Fracture Zones,NE Equatorial Pacific

The deep ocean floor between the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones (NE equatorial Pacific) has the highest known manganese nodule abundance in the world oceans. A detailed analysis of MR1 (Mapping Researcher 1, 11–12?kHz) sonar images and free-fall grab data in the Korean manganese nodule field areas reveals a close relationship between side-scan sonar characteristics of the seafloor and manganese nodule abundance. Eight sonar facies are identified based on back-scattering intensity and distribution patterns. These sonar facies can be interpreted as (1) volcanic seamounts (facies I-1), (2) bounding faults of abyssal hills (facies I-2 and II-1), (3) lava flows or volcanoclastic mass-flow deposits around the volcanic seamounts (facies I-3 and II-2), (4) crests of abyssal hills (facies II-1), (5) abyssal troughs between abyssal hills (facies III-1), (6) relatively flat areas (facies II-3 and III-2). In the areas where facies II-1 (abyssal hill crests with thin sediment cover) and II-3 (relatively flat areas draped by thin sediments) are dominant, manganese nodules occur abundantly. In contrast, zones comprising facies III-1 (abyssal troughs with thick sediment cover) and III-2 (relatively flat areas covered by thick sediments) are characterized by low abundance of manganese nodules. This relationship between distribution of sonar facies and manganese nodule abundance implies that (1) the qualitative difference in acoustic reflectivity of long-range side-scan sonar with some ground truth data is useful for regional assessment of manganese nodule occurrence over wide areas in a reasonable time, and (2) seafloor topography and sediment thickness are important controlling factors for regional occurrences of manganese nodules.     

Hydrothermal mineralization along submarine rift zones,Hawaii

This is the first article to describe mineralization of midplate submarine rift zones and hydrothermal manganese oxide mineralization of midplate volcanic edifices. Hydrothermal Mn oxides were recovered from submarine extensions of two Hawaiian rift zones, along Haleakala and Puna Ridges. These Mn oxides form two types of deposits, metallic stratiform layers in volcaniclastic rocks and cement for clastic rocks; both deposit types are composed of todorokite and bimessite. Thin Fe‐Mn crusts that coat some rocks formed by a combination of hydrogenetic and hydrothermal processes and are composed of δ‐MnO₂. The stratiform layers have high Mn contents (mean 40%) and a large fractionation between Mn and Fe (Fe/Mn = 0.04). Unlike most other hydrothermal Mn oxide deposits, those from Hawaiian rift zones are enriched in the trace metals Zn, Co, Ba, Mo, Sr, V, and especially Ni (mean 0.16%). Metals are derived from three sources: mafic and ultramafic rocks leached by circulating hydrothermal fluids, clastic material (in Mn‐cemented sandstone), and seawater that mixed with the hydrothermal fluids. Mineralization on Haleakala Ridge occurred sometime during the past 200 to 400 ka, when the summit was at a water depth of more than 1,000 m. Hydrothermal circulation was probably driven by heat produced by intrusion of dikces, magma reservoirs, and flow of magma through axial and lateral conduits. The supply of seawater to ridge interiors must be extensive because of their high porosity and permeability. Precipitation of Mn oxide below the seafloor is indicated by its occurrence as cement, growth textures that show mineralizing fluids were introduced from below, and pervasive replacement of original matrix of clastic rocks.     

基于基塘系统保护的国土空间治理策略——以顺德区为例

以佛山市顺德区作为实证研究案例,采用野外调研、访谈等研究方法,剖析基塘与国土空间的协同发展机制,提出基于多功能基塘的国土空间治理策略。结果表明：顺德国土空间治理面临空间破碎化和空间嵌套分布、灾害与生态风险加剧、岭南水乡文化特色日渐流失等问题;协调基塘与不同地域子系统之间的功能耦合关系,发挥基塘对地域系统功能的支撑与协同作用,是实现国土空间协同发展和可持续利用的基础;实施基塘功能分区治理,保护集中连片基塘,整合基塘文化资源,推进基塘与村级工业园、村边塘、村心塘协同治理等策略,发挥基塘的多功能作用,有助于实现国土空间的安全、高效与可持续利用。     

金属稳定同位素示踪俯冲带挥发分循环SCIEI北大核心CSCD

俯冲带挥发分的循环不仅深刻影响着地球各圈层之间的相互作用,而且在成矿金属元素迁移-富集以及全球气候变化等重要地质和环境过程中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,金属稳定同位素示踪俯冲带挥发分循环受到了广泛关注,取得了众多进展,但大多针对单个挥发性元素开展某个特定金属同位素的示踪研究。本文根据不同金属元素的地球化学性质差异及其与多种挥发分之间的结合形式,系统归纳了金属稳定同位素在示踪俯冲带不同挥发分循环方面的特点。整体上讲,镁和锌同位素体系示踪俯冲带碳循环最为有效;锂、镁、钾、钡、钼等金属同位素体系在示踪俯冲带水(流体)循环方面则具有各自的特点;锌同位素在示踪俯冲带硫循环方面有巨大潜力;铬同位素示踪俯冲带氯循环有独特优势;铁、铬、铜等变价金属同位素体系对挥发分的氧化还原状态较为敏感,有望示踪俯冲带氧循环。这些同位素体系对理解俯冲带挥发分循环提供了全新的视角,有望成为未来地球系统科学的重要研究方向。     

Heterogeneous deformation and mylonitization of a granulite complex,jotun-valdres nappe complex,Central South Norway

The Helgedal Zone is the Caledonian, heterogeneously deformed base of the Jotun Complex, within the Jotun-Valdres Nappe Complex (Sognefjell, South Norway). It consists of an anastomosing system of shear zones isolating lozengeshaped lenses of less deformed rocks. Structural and geometrical features are described to define the type of deformation and to evaluate the tectonic significance of this zone. Granulitic gabbros and pegmatitic dykes are deformed together in the highly strained mylonitic zones. Microtextural investigations indicate that the quantitative relation between mafic and felsic minerals and the content of quartz determine the different behaviour of the two rock types during deformation.     

昆山城市热岛效应特征及其关键影响因子研究北大核心

昆山地处长三角超大城市群中,在热岛效应上受到了上海、苏州等大、中城市的显著影响。利用2014—2017年昆山气象站网逐小时观测资料分析昆山城市热岛强度时空分布特征的基础上,结合归一化建筑指数(Normalized Difference Built-up Index,NDBI),揭示了城市功能分区和城市扩张对该市热岛强度的影响,并通过一套用于城市气候研究的系统的场地分类方法—局地气候分区体系(Local Climate Zones,LCZ),探讨了不同城市用地的热岛强度特征。研究发现:昆山市热岛强度总体呈现夜间强、白天弱的特征。季节变化上表现为秋季最强,冬季次之,春季和夏季较弱;昆山市城市热岛强度处于逐年增长的过程,各镇中平均年际热岛强度增长率最高可达0.19℃·a^(-1)。高热岛强度范围由东南向西北延伸,湖陆风效应对昼夜热岛强度的分布及其变化有一定的影响,由于水体的作用,昆山市NDBI与夜间热岛强度的相关性较差,而与白天的热岛强度呈高度正相关。各镇不同的功能分区对热岛效应有显著影响,且当各镇的平均NDBI每增加0.1时,白天平均热岛强度会增加0.16℃;不同LCZ类型的热岛强度具有显著的差异,且地块城市化程度越高,热岛效应越强。密集低层建筑区(LCZ 3)和工业厂房(LCZ 10)的热岛强度与人类活动密切相关;开阔低层建筑区(LCZ 6)与茂密树木区(LCZ A)热岛强度表现出相似的变化特征;森林绿地(LCZ A、LCZ B)对热岛效应有缓解作用;水体(LCZ G)在白天有一定的降温效果,在夜间则会加剧热岛效应。     

Palinspastic reconstruction of the Grenville terrane in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province,southern and central Appalachians,U.S.A

Examinations of Grenville massifs in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province of Virginia and North Carolina indicate that the country rocks (∼ 1100–1450 Ma) are layered gneisses that were metamorphosed during Grenville orogenesis (∼ 1000–1100 Ma) to amphibolite to granulite facies and intruded by plutonic suites. Subsequently, the Grenville terrane was intruded by a suite of peralkaline granitic plutons (∼ 700 Ma) and progressively overlapped westward by Upper Precambrian to Cambrian sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Following deposition of Upper Precambrian and Palaeozoic rocks, the Blue Ridge Geologic Province was subjected to Taconic metamorphism (∼ 450–480 Ma) which generally increased in intensity southeastward from greenschist (chlorite grade) to upper amphibolite (sillimanite grade) facies. Large-scale late Devonian thrusting (∼ 350 Ma) along the Fries fault system and the Brevard zone-Yadkin fault system produced the present day distribution of juxtaposed Grenville massifs and Palaeozoic metamorphic zones in the Blue Ridge Geologic Province. Palinspastic restoration of the Taconic metamorphic zones to their pre-late Devonian relative positions yields an ∼ 50 km displacement on the Fries fault system near the Grandfather Mountain window and and an ∼ 80 km displacement on the Smith River allochthon farther east. Restoration of the Grenville massifs to this same palinspastic base shows that Grenville metamorphic grade decreased southeastward from the deeper granulite facies (opx + gar) to the shallower granulite facies (opx ± amp) to amphibolite facies.