长江南京江段水质遥感分析

采用美国陆地卫星TM数据分析长江南京江段的水质污染状况,证明了应用卫星遥感技术不但能在大范围内真实、客观、全面地反映出水质污染的程度、范围和分布,而且具有快速、省力、省钱的巨大优势。这一方法的应用将对整个长江及类似的大江大河都有进一步推广价值。     

Application of the Engineering-Geological Conditions in Land-Use Plans in the Petrvald Region(Czech Republic)

The objective of this paper is to demonstrate necessity to inform relevant parties about engineering-geological conditions for various practical purposes,especially including appropriate land-use planning.However,the relationship between relevant geological information and the geological environment is vital for foundation engineering purposes,especially where demanding structures are involved.This information is most conveniently structured when accumulated information concerning engineering-geological zones is utilized.This necessarily includes knowledge of rock workability and also of the pre-Quaternary bedrock,and these characteristics were then related to the current built-up area and future development according to the land-use plans in a case study are from the Petrvald Region(Czech Republic).The geological environment of area has been severely influenced by anthropogenic effects of deep black coal mining.Results of this research showed that future development should be founded on spoil banks,dumps,and settling basins. According to the land-use plan,this zone occupies 44.9%of the area of interest,and its materials predominantly emanate from mining in the Ostrava-Karvina Coal District.For future foundation structures planned there,it is imperative to consult detailed engineering-geological study.However, attention to and reliance on this necessity is not reflected in the existing land-use plan.     

夹皮沟地区成矿规律分析及找矿前景

夹皮沟地区地处吉林省东南部,是我国比较重要的金成矿带之一。本文介绍了该区的地层、构造、岩浆岩,特别是那些沿着环形构造发育的韧性剪切带与金成矿关系密切。阐述了金矿形成的三个基本条件——太古宇变质岩系、剪切体系的构造破碎蚀变带以及幔源岩浆活动,根据上述条件指出找矿远景区——新立屯—马家店地区和大朝阳沟地区。     

初至反演近地表速度的建模方法分析与应用

近地表速度初至波或折射波建模是表层复杂地区静校正的关键因素.通过对比分析初至波层析反演方法与折射波解释方法的原理,认为复杂地区表层速度与结构在横向的极不稳定性已超出了折射波解释方法的条件,而初至波层析反演方法能很好地估计出稳定可靠的表速层结构.伊朗TB气田勘探线位于山脉的高峰,高差达1000m,且低降速带的横向不稳定性很强,在没有地质先验信息的情况下,折射波方法得到的低降速带底界多解性很难消除,而初至波层析反演得到的速度横向变化规律与表层构造高度一致(包括突变位置).实例表明这个地区基于层析反演速度模型静校正的效果优于折射波静校正.     

俯冲带中石墨质碳的研究进展

自然界中,石墨质碳可以稳定存在于沉积岩、岩浆岩和变质岩中,由有机质或无机碳酸盐转变而来。随着对俯冲带碳循环研究的不断深入,通常作为副矿物产出在变质岩中的石墨质碳也引起了广泛的关注。相比于碳酸盐矿物和含碳流体,石墨质碳因其低溶解性、低移动性常作为碳汇稳定存在于俯冲带中。然而,在一些特殊的地质条件下(例如流体出现的开放体系中),石墨质碳不再稳定,它会变得活跃并发生迁移。因此,石墨质碳也是俯冲带碳循环研究中的关键载体。本文在综述前人研究成果的基础上,总结了俯冲带中石墨质碳的性质、来源、形成和分解过程,并重点介绍了俯冲带中非生物成因石墨的形成机制、石墨质碳的稳定性以及石墨质碳的释放,全面探讨了石墨质碳在俯冲带碳循环中的重要意义。俯冲带中石墨质碳的成因机制主要有3种:生物有机质石墨化、饱和含碳流体沉淀、碳酸盐矿物的还原反应。俯冲带中石墨质碳可通过分解脱气和溶解的方式释放。俯冲作用和风化侵蚀是石墨质碳全球循环的两个主要过程,其中俯冲作用对石墨质碳的地球内部循环影响较大。     

融合地震属性和成像测井信息优化的储层缝洞带评价与钻井轨迹

针对新疆某工区强非均质性岩溶缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层,提出了一种基于地震多属性优化与电成像测井信息融合的碳酸盐岩储层缝洞带识别评价与钻井轨迹优化设计方法。首先,利用相干体、蚂蚁体等多种地震属性与张量约束的稀疏脉冲反演结果综合实现缝洞发育带空间分布预测与雕刻,确定可能油气圈闭的分布范围;然后,基于数学形态学滤波方法,由电成像测井资料自动拾取井壁的裂缝和溶蚀孔洞分布,统计井壁裂缝倾向和倾角;再次,用工区内钻孔多臂井径资料计算的井筒崩落信息与电成像资料拾取的诱导缝信息预测工区的最大和最小主应力方向;最后,融合地震属性与电成像测井信息评价的缝洞分布结果,预测工区内走滑断裂带的最大主应力方向以NE—SW为主,局部为NW—SE,且以中高角度为主的裂缝走向与主应力近乎平行。采用预测主应力分布方法实现了沿NW—SE方向的大斜度井与水平井优化设计,钻遇了大规模优质储集体,获得了稳定油流,并以此为基础在周围打井若干口,极大地降低了深层勘探的钻井风险。     

三峡库区仙女山和九畹溪断裂带水库地震变化规律

三峡库区蓄水以来,长江周边出现了大量的水库地震,主要集中于巴东—泄滩—仙女山区域,目前已达上万次,最大震级为5.1级。通过野外地质调查及对已有水库地震数据进行研究,采用构造地质分析方法,对三峡库区仙女山和九畹溪断裂带水库地震空间上的迁移规律、时间上的周期规律以及微地震群的成因机理进行分析。结果表明：从时间上看,水库地震具有周期性,表现为长周期（与库水位相关）和短周期（与库水位快速波动相关）;从空间上看,水库地震具有迁移规律,受九畹溪断裂控制的触发型水库地震存在着逐渐向南迁移的特征,受仙女山断裂控制的触发型水库地震局限分布于仙女山断裂北延端点处,分布于仙女山断裂西侧（周坪乡附近）带状分布的水库诱发地震逐渐呈点状向南迁移。     

Establishing attitudes and perceptions of recreational boat users based in the River Hamble Estuary,UK, towards Marine Conservation Zones

Research was completed focusing on a population of recreational boat users with moorings on the River Hamble Estuary, United Kingdom. Issues explored include: (1) boater setting preferences; (2) sources of perceived conflict; and (3) understanding and support for Marine Conservation Zones (MCZs). Several sources of perceived conflict emerged. Action taken to address conflict must be problem specific, targeting the individual as opposed to the activity in general. Results suggest that there is little awareness and a lack of understanding and support amongst recreational boaters with regards to the role of MCZs. The MCZ Project was set up in 2009 in order to work with sea users and interest groups to make site recommendations. Many participants in this research stated that the MCZ Project has: taken an unbalanced approach, represents overregulation, and poses a threat to safe anchorages. It is apparent that compliance and support for management tools being employed will be achieved only if the process is transparent and inclusive. An appropriate and equitable mechanism must be developed in order to move beyond ‘public consultation’ to ensure stakeholders are more fully engaged in both the implementation and management of MCZs. Such strategies will help to alleviate feelings of powerlessness as is so often the case in public consultation.     

埕海潜山奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层有利区带预测

埕海潜山奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层裂缝十分发育,非均质性强。以地震、钻井、测井和室内分析化验资料研究为基础,深入分析碳酸盐岩储层岩性特征、储集空间特征,明确裂缝性储层发育和分布的控制因素。从叠后地震资料出发,采用地震属性技术和地震反演技术2种地震方法,优选方差体属性、振幅包络属性和频率衰减属性,对埕海潜山奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层的裂缝、孔洞的发育程度和分布进行平面和空间预测,最终结合构造、烃源岩等控制埕海潜山油气成藏的因素,确定碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层的有利区带。