粤东桃子窝锡矿区火山-次火山岩和花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其意义

桃子窝锡矿位于莲花山断裂带西段,是典型的火山-次火山岩型锡矿。本文以桃子窝锡矿赋矿火山-次火山岩及花岗岩为研究对象,首次开展LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素特征研究。获得两个次火山岩样品的锆石206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为172.1±1.1 Ma和171.8±0.9 Ma,一个花岗岩样品的锆石206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为168.9±1.5 Ma,表明桃子窝锡矿火山-侵入岩为中侏罗世同一岩浆事件不同阶段的产物。锆石εHf(t)值大多数为负值,只有3个点的值大于0,变化于-13.96~9.53之间,平均值为-7.92。在εHf(t)-t图解上,εHf(t)值大多落在球粒陨石演化线之下,有3个点落在球粒陨石与亏损地幔演化线之间。二阶段模式年龄除3个点介于609.6~795.5 Ma外,其余点年龄为1 450.8~2 102.5 Ma,Hf同位素特征指示成岩物质主要来源于早中元古代古老地壳的部分熔融,还有新元古代新生地壳物质的加入。结合区内已有的研究成果,认为桃子窝锡矿及有关的火山-次火山岩与中生代太平洋板块向欧亚大陆俯冲有关。     

东秦岭磨沟碱性岩体年代学、地球化学及岩石成因

河南嵩县磨沟碱性岩体位于华北陆块南缘,其主体岩性为霓辉正长岩,局部出露正长岩和少量似斑状(霓辉)正长岩,发育岩浆暗色包体。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,霓辉正长岩和正长岩成岩年龄分别为210.4±2.0Ma(MSWD=0.39)和237.6±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.95),结合前人研究成果,认为该岩体是中三叠世和晚三叠世两期岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示,霓辉正长岩的σ值为8.93~11.08,K2O含量为10.70%~13.76%,K2O/Na2O值为3.87~10.35,属于过碱性岩石系列的钾质碱性岩;在微量元素组成上,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具有弱或不明显的负铕异常。在同位素组成上,霓辉正长岩具有偏高的、变化范围很大的(87Sr/86Sr)i值和显著偏低的εNd(t)值;锆石的εHf(t)值变化于-21.6~-4.5之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄为1 555~2 629 Ma。磨沟岩体是由含金云母的富集地幔部分熔融产生的幔源岩浆与壳源岩浆混合并经一定程度的分异演化形成的,岩石中高含量的K来源于这种含金云母的富集地幔。磨沟岩体早期岩浆活动发生于秦岭造山带主碰撞峰期的局部伸展环境,晚期岩浆活动则发生于后碰撞伸展环境。     

河北省宽城县孤山子超基性岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

华北克拉通北缘在早石炭世晚期—中二叠世出露大量中酸性侵入岩体,但基性-超基性岩体出露较少,因而缺乏对该时期地幔性质的认识。笔者对位于内蒙古地轴以南百余千米的孤山子超基性岩体开展锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素、Lu-Hf同位素组成测试分析。结果显示,孤山子超基性岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为296.9±2.6 Ma,为早二叠世的岩浆活动产物。锆石(样号:GSZ-B3)微量元素含量低,具有强Ce正异常和弱Eu负异常特征以及较低的εHf(t)=-1.9~-7.5(n=17),表明其源区主要为富集的岩石圈地幔。锆石tDM、tCDM远大于其U-Pb年龄,表明岩石圈地幔形成过程中有再造古老地壳加入。对比内蒙古地轴上的同时代波罗诺岩体含角闪辉长岩(297±1 Ma)的锆石εHf(t)(-17.0~-14.1),孤山子超基性岩体的锆石εHf(t)明显偏大,表明孤山子超基性岩体的源区富集程度相对较小。此外,孤山子超基性岩体还有2个锆石测点εHf(t)分别为3.2、4.0,指示母岩浆中有少量亏损幔源物质加入,这暗示了华北克拉通北缘局部地区,在晚古生代已有岩石圈拉张减薄的趋势。     

南祁连化隆地区鲁满山花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素约束

位于南祁连化隆地区的鲁满山花岗岩体,岩石类型主体为黑云二长花岗岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测得其成岩年龄为(452.9±1.8)Ma,属于加里东期岩浆活动的产物。化学组成上,岩体具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。微量和稀土元素组成上,岩体富集大离子亲石元素Rb、U、Th、K和Pb,亏损Ba、Sr、Ta、Nb、P、Ti,具明显轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损特征,显示较强烈的负Eu异常(δEu=0.06~0.55,平均0.31),综合地质地球化学资料指示该岩体应属于高分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果显示,岩体的εHf(t)为-7.4~0.1,二阶段模式年龄介于1425~1930 Ma,指示成岩过程中应有亏损地幔组分参与,其壳源源区很可能包括化隆岩群。结合区域构造演化,认为鲁满山花岗岩体形成于柴北缘洋壳与中南祁连陆壳俯冲碰撞的地球动力学背景下,由幔源岩浆与其诱发的地壳物质熔融产生的长英质岩浆在地壳深部混合后再经历分异演化形成。     

冈底斯中段碱长花岗岩锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素特征及地质意义

本文对冈底斯岩浆带中段谢通门塔玛地区碱长花岗岩进行了原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和LA-MCICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析。研究结果表明,采自该岩体不同部位的两件锆石U-Pb同位素加权平均年龄分别为(40.02±0.39)Ma和(40.65±0.32)Ma,具有几乎一致的地质年龄,即碱长花岗岩侵位结晶年龄为40 Ma左右。LA-MCICP-MS锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究显示,176Hf/177Hf比值在0.282633~0.282878,平均值为0.282765,计算所得的εHf(t)值介于-4.08~4.15,平均值为0.28,峰值在-1~+1之间;TDMC模式年龄在822~1373 Ma,平均值为1075 Ma,峰值年龄为1000~1200 Ma。其次,样品的εHf(t)值具有正负相间的特点,εHf(t)也相对较小,为典型的壳幔混染型,岩浆源区主要以古老地壳的熔融为主。综合研究表明,谢通门塔玛地区碱长花岗岩主要是由新特斯洋板片的断离,致使软流圈地幔上涌,引起拉萨地体地壳物质的熔融、再循环而形成的,在这个过程中有部分幔源物质的加入。     

西藏北冈底斯扎独顶A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

西藏北冈底斯早白垩世花岗岩分布广泛;扎独顶岩体作为其中的一个典型代表,其分布广泛,呈岩基型式产出,在岩性上属二长花岗岩。在岩石化学上扎独顶岩体具有富Si O2(70.05%~74.97%)和K2O(4.09%~5.35%),贫Ca O(0.93%~2.19%)、Ti O2(0.22%~0.52%)和Al2O3(12.81%~14.24%)的特征;属于准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.99~1.0)高钾钙碱性系列。岩体稀土元素总量偏高(∑REE=199.36×10-6~247.91×10-6),相对富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=5.82~6.88),Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.30~0.45),球粒陨石标准化分布模式呈向右缓倾的V型。微量元素显示其富集Rb、Th、K、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ba、P和Ti,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)平均值为427.63。全岩锆石饱和温度(828~838°C)表明岩浆形成温度高。上述岩石地球化学特征表明扎独顶岩体为A型花岗岩。扎独顶岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(103.8±1.0)Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世晚期;在构造判别图解上位于碰撞后的A2型花岗岩区,是在碰撞后岩石圈伸展背景下,由于软流圈物质上涌导致岩石圈地幔与壳源熔体部分熔融并经历过一定程度的混合作用而形成的。     

青海省东昆仑大水沟金矿英云闪长岩锆石U-Pb测年、岩石地球化学及其找矿意义

大水沟金矿位于东昆仑中段,目前矿区西部共圈定金矿(化)体9条,结合化探异常和区域地质背景对比,认为该区具有良好的找矿前景。本文利用LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年技术,首次获得与金矿成矿有密切关系的英云闪长岩加权平均年龄为(239.5±0.9)Ma,厘定为中三叠世;岩石地球化学研究表明,英云闪长岩为钙碱性系列岩石,轻稀土富集,轻重稀土分馏明显,具弱的负铕异常,岩体明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K)、活泼不相容元素Th、轻稀土元素和Pb,相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti),Rb/Sr、Nb/Ta等特征反映出岩石具有壳幔混合岩浆的特点。结合东昆仑地区已有的年代学资料、岩石地球化学和区域地质构造演化分析,本文认为英云闪长岩形成构造环境为俯冲阶段;俯冲作用促进了幔源流体的运移,在构造有利部位沉淀形成金矿。     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic ConstraintsOn Petrogenesis of Plagiogranite from the Cuomuqu Ophiolite, Bangong Lake Area, North Tibet

Field observation,geochemical signatures and zircon Hf isotope data indicate that Cuomuqu ophiolite in the Bangonghu area was formed in a back-arc basin(BAB) above a suprasubduction zone(SSZ). Zircon U-Pb dating of the diabase from the Cuomuqu massif yielded an age of 164.3±1.9 Ma,thus indicating that the ophiolite complex was formed in the Middle Jurassic during back-arc extension of the mature Bangonghu-Nujiang Ocean. The zircon εHf(t) and TDMC values of the plagiogranite are similar to the εHf(t) and TDM of the diabase,respectively. The mode of occurrence of plagiogranites and their bulk-rock and Hf isotope characteristics indicate that they were derived from the mantle,associated with the surrounding gabbro and diabase,and were formed by partial melting of altered and hydrated mafic rocks under shear conditions during lateral drifting of the oceanic crust. The zircon U-Pb age of the plagiogranite is 156.4±1.4 Ma,and it is 7.9 Ma younger than the hosting diabase. In this study,zircon chronological and Hf isotopic data were tentatively analyzed to determine the genesis of plagiogranites in the Cuomuqu ophiolite complex.     

In Situ Analyses of Trace Elements,U–Pb and Lu–Hf Isotopes in Zircons from the Tongshankou Granodiorite Porphyry in Southeast Hubei Province,Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,China

The Tongshankou Cu-Mo deposit, located in southeast Hubei province, is a typical skarn–porphyry type ore deposit closely related to the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry, characterized by a high Sr/Y ratio.Detailed in situ analyses of the trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry were performed.Scarcely any inherited zircons were observed, and the analyzed zircons yielded highly concordant results with a weighted mean 206Pb/238 U age of 143.5 ± 0.45 Ma(n=20, mean square weighted deviation was 0.75), which was interpreted to represent the crystallization age of the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry.The chondrite-normalized rare-earth element pattern was characterized by a slope that steeply rises from the light-group rare-earth elements(LREE) to the heavy-group rare-earth elements(HREE) with a positive Ce-anomaly and inconspicuous Eu-anomaly, which was coincident with the pattern of the zircons from the Chuquicamata West porphyry, Chile.The analyzed zircons also had relatively low 176Hf/177 Hf ratios of 0.282526–0.282604.Assuming t=143 Ma, the corresponding calculated initial Hf isotope compositions(εHf(t)) ranged from-5.6 to-2.9.The results of the in situ analysis of trace elements and U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopes in zircons from the Tongshankou granodiorite porphyry suggest that a deep-seated process involving a thickened-crust/enriched-mantle interaction may play an important role in the generation of high Sr/Y-ratio magma and potentially in the generation of porphyry Cu-Mo systems.     

Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Volcanic Host Rocks from the Tongyu VHMS Copper Deposit in the Western North Qinling Orogen and Their Geological Significance

Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu–Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE(e.g. Th, U, Pb and La) and depletion of HFSE(e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf). Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr(0.703457 to 0.708218) and εNd(t)(-2 to 5.8) indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd(t) diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf(t) values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores(2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma). The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.