阿尔金南缘冰沟南组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其前寒武纪构造演化意义

在阿尔金南缘玉苏普阿勒克塔格北侧出露的冰沟组火山岩为一套与滨浅海相细粒陆源碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩共生的中基性火山岩,主要岩石类型有蚀变熔结凝灰岩、安山质凝灰熔岩和强蚀变玄武安山岩。该火山岩作为Columbia超大陆裂解阶段的物质记录,对其年代学和产出的地质构造背景的探讨,有助于探讨阿尔金南缘前寒武纪构造演化过程。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学研究结果显示,强蚀变玄武安山岩样品具有两组锆石年龄,第一组年龄分别为944. 7±6. 4 Ma(n=8,MSWD=0. 057)和951. 2±6. 3 Ma(n=12,MSWD=0. 042),测点位于锆石震荡环带上,显示了典型的岩浆锆石的特征,代表火山岩的形成时代,属青白口纪早期;第二组年龄介于446±5～458±4Ma,与区域高压—超高压岩石的原岩的退变质时代(～450 Ma)一致,可能代表受该期陆壳深俯冲/折返事件改造。另外,228±6 Ma、229±4 Ma和130±1 Ma的年龄信息,可能代表火山岩还遭受了晚三叠世和早白垩世构造热事件改造。构造背景分析表明,该火山岩形成于板内裂谷环境,对应于Columbia超大陆裂解阶段的晚期,之后索尔库里群沉积盆地由拉张转换到汇聚的构造背景,转为Rodinia超大陆汇聚阶段。结合区域地质特征和该火山岩年龄信息,进一步制约了阿尔金南缘Columbia超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆汇聚的时限分别为945～1602 Ma和871～945 Ma。     

河南嵩县土地庙沟铅锌矿床有关的花岗岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

土地庙沟铅锌矿床是豫西南铅锌银多金属成矿区域的重要组成部分。本文以与土地庙沟铅锌矿床成矿关系密切的栗扎树岩体为研究对象,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素分析方法,探讨岩体成岩时代及其与矿床成矿时空相关性。岩体测得的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为141.6±1.3Ma（样品YZY-G07）、135.5±1.6Ma（样品YZY-G08）、116.2±1.2Ma（样品YZY-G01）,Hf同位素分析二阶段模式年龄为1724Ma~2244 Ma,表明成岩物质主要来源于地壳,并结合矿床特征,与栾川-维摩寺断裂北侧的合峪、伏牛山、太山庙相比,从早到晚,140Ma、135Ma、117Ma均有较好的对应关系。根据形成于140Ma左右的花岗岩浆活动,结合岩石地球化学、矿床地质特征、同位素特征等资料,并与华北克拉通南缘南泥湖矿田的成矿构造热事件对比,可推断出矿床为早白垩世早期同一构造-岩浆-流体成矿事件的产物,为矿山企业勘查找矿提供了科学依据。     

二连盆地中部白垩系赛汉组碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

正砂岩型铀矿是世界上最重要的铀矿床类型,亦是我国铀矿勘查的主攻方向。二连盆地位于中亚造山带,是我国北方砂岩型铀矿的主攻和重点突破地区。近年来,随着找矿勘查工作的深入,在盆地中部先后发现了巴彦乌拉、赛汉高毕和哈达图等多个古河道型砂岩型铀矿床,实现了铀矿找矿的重大突破(张金带,2016)。这些矿床产于盆地中部,主     

Tectonic cycles of the New England Orogen,eastern Australia: A Review

The New England Orogen (NEO), the youngest of the orogens of the Tasmanides of eastern Australia, is defined by two main cycles of compression–extension. The compression component involves thrust tectonics and advance of the arc towards the continental plate, while extension is characterised by rifting, basin formation, thermal relaxation and retreat of the arc towards the oceanic plate. A compilation of 623 records of U–Pb zircon geochronology rock ages from Geoscience Australia, the geological surveys of Queensland and New South Wales and other published research throughout the orogen, has helped to clarify its complex tectonic history. This contribution focuses on the entire NEO and is aimed at those who are unfamiliar with the details of the orogen and who could benefit from a summary of current knowledge. It aims to fill a gap in recent literature between broad-scale overviews of the orogen incorporated as part of wider research on the Tasmanides and detailed studies usually specific to either the northern or southern parts of the orogen. Within the two main cycles of compression–extension, six accepted and distinct tectonic phases are defined and reviewed. Maps of geological processes active during each phase reveal the centres of activity during each tectonic phase, and the range in U–Pb zircon ages highlights the degree of diachronicity along the length of the NEO. In addition, remnants of the early Permian offshore arc formed during extensive slab rollback, are identified by the available geochronology. Estimates of the beginning of the Hunter-Bowen phase of compression, generally thought to commence around 265?Ma are complicated by the presence of extensional-type magmatism in eastern Queensland that occurred between 270 and 260?Ma.     

Sedimentary and drainage evolution of the Condamine Valley Transition Zone (eastern Australia)

The basal succession of the Condamine Valley, which overlays the boundary between the Surat and Clarence-Moreton basins (eastern Australia), contains a clay-rich horizon ‘the Transition Zone’ that marks a pronounced unconformity between the Jurassic Walloon Coal Measures and the Quaternary Condamine Alluvium. This paper provides insights into the tectonic and drainage evolution of the Condamine Valley through integrated analysis of U–Pb ages of detrital zircon from three samples (494 concordant analyses), stable oxygen isotope analysis on eight authigenic clay samples, X-ray fluorescence of primary and trace elements, and hyperspectral mineral analysis from two drill cores (Lone Pine 17 and Daandine 164). The Transition Zone is interpreted to consist of both weathered Jurassic sediments and Cenozoic clay deposits. Two sequential cycles of erosion, deposition and pedogenesis, related to geomorphological and climatic conditions are recognised. Distinctive oxygen isotope signatures of the two weathering fronts demonstrated an initial Early Cretaceous phase (δ¹⁸O?=?11.9–15.7‰ VSMOW) associated with laterisation and possible uplift, followed by Paleogene (δ¹⁸O?=?16.4–17.3‰ VSMOW) silcretisation of reworked Jurassic sediments. Detrital zircon geochronology yielded Jurassic maximum constraints for the age of deposition of three samples that are indistinguishable within error, the oldest of which (163?±?8?Ma from the lateritic profile) corresponds to the age of the underlying Walloon Coal Measures. The two overlaying samples from a silcrete profile and granular alluvium yielded overlapping yet younger ages of 150?±?6?Ma and 156?±?9?Ma, respectively. Vitrinite reflectance used as a proxy for the thermal condition of the coal strata enabled an estimated 2–3?km of burial and subsequent (likely Early Cretaceous) uplift. Geochemical insights from the Condamine Valley correspond to broad-scale climatic and tectonic conditions, suggesting that ‘transition zone equivalents’ and corresponding groundwater dynamics may occur in similar sedimentary settings throughout eastern Australia.     

Growth and provenance of a Paleozoic subduction complex in the Broken River Province,Mossman Orogen: evidence from detrital zircon ages

A Paleozoic subduction complex dominates the Mossman Orogen developed at the northern extremity of the Tasmanides, eastern Australia. Its southern part, displayed in the Broken River Province, is characterised by dismembered ocean-plate stratigraphy in which turbidite-dominated packages and widespread tectonic mélange development are characteristic. The Broken River complex is characterised by formations with quartzose sandstone alternating with those largely formed of sandstone of more labile character. The two compositional groups are considered to reflect separate, age-significant sedimentary regimes, but their ages have hitherto been poorly constrained. With the use of 1082 concordant detrital zircon ages from 13 samples we provide age control for the complex and track its sedimentary provenance. Of quartzose units, the Tribute Hills Arenite and Pelican Range Formation are late Cambrian–Early Ordovician, and the Wairuna Formation is Middle to Late Ordovician, in age. The more labile units (Greenvale, Perry Creek and Kangaroo Hills formations) are collectively of late Silurian–mid-Devonian age. Development of the complex spanned some 130 Myr. Continent-derived sediment involved in accretion of much the complex, from mid-Ordovician to mid-Devonian, was largely sourced from a nearby magmatic arc of late Cambrian–Devonian age, now represented by granitoid plutons of the Macrossan and Pama igneous associations. An older far-field Pacific-Gondwana sediment source is characteristic of early-phase (late Cambrian–Early Ordovician) accretion, in common with sedimentary units of this age generally developed in the Tasmanides. We consider the complex to have grown largely by underplating that positioned younger components beneath those that are older, with out-of-sequence thrust interleaving of these components occurring late in the accretionary history. A Late Devonian contractional folding and cleavage development (Tabberabberan orogenesis) is uniformly expressed across the entire complex and reflects an abrupt change in plate engagement with imposition of a compressional stress regime.     

西藏弄如日金矿床花岗斑岩年代学与岩石成因

弄如日矿区发育中新世浅成花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩两类岩体,本文对这两类花岗斑岩体进行了LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年和系统的岩体地质、岩石学和元素地球化学研究。结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩近于同期侵入,前者为未分异或弱分异花岗岩,后者为高分异花岗岩。花岗闪长斑岩和二长花岗斑岩的侵位年龄测试结果表明,前者形成时代为20. 3±0. 8Ma,后者形成于20. 20±0. 41Ma～20. 51±0. 52Ma。花岗闪长斑岩具有低硅、低钾、低碱、高铝的特点,SiO_2介于63. 37%～66. 78%之间,Al2O3变化于15. 14%～16. 04%,Na_2O+K_2O=4. 46%～5. 33%,A/CNK=1. 13～1. 26,稀土总量高,重稀土和Y含量低,具有埃达克质岩石的地球化学特点,主体为Ⅰ型花岗岩。二长花岗斑岩具有高硅、高钾、高碱、低铝、稀土总量低的特点,SiO_2=70. 46%～77. 17%,Al_2O_3=12. 22%～15. 06%,Na_2O+K_2O=7. 14%～7. 98%,A/CNK=1. 03～1. 21,稀土总量低,为Ⅰ型花岗岩。两种岩石稀土元素分配典线呈右倾型,均富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba等),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr);此外,花岗闪长斑岩轻重稀土分馏明显,而二长花岗斑岩中稀土和重稀土分馏不明显。花岗闪长斑岩形成于弄如日矿区加厚下地壳中变基性岩的部分熔融,变基性岩很可能是榴辉岩(可能含有角闪石),部分熔融后的残留物以石榴石为主,含金红石。二长花岗斑岩可能是由花岗闪长斑岩浆通过分离结晶衍生而来,分离结晶的矿物包括斜长石、黑云母、钾长石、钛铁矿、榍石、磷灰石等。综合研究表明,弄如日金矿成矿时代略晚于花岗闪长斑岩侵位,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩及其分异的二长花岗斑岩关系密切。花岗闪长斑岩及二长花岗斑岩的侵位时代及成因研究,对揭示弄如日金矿矿床成因有重要意义,也为区域寻找该类矿床指明了方向。     

粤东塘唇石英脉型钨(锡)矿床地质特征、成矿时代及其找矿意义

塘唇钨(锡)矿是近年来新发现的一个具有大型规模找矿潜力的石英脉型矿床.矿床产于粤东龙窝花岗闪长岩岩体西部外接触带,赋矿地层为下侏罗统金鸡组碎屑岩,该层位是南岭及邻区石英脉型钨锡矿的最新赋矿地层.在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对矿床含钨石英脉中的白云母进行⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar测年,获得白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar坪年龄为150±1 Ma,等时线年龄为149±2 Ma(MSWD=1.20),它们在误差范围内一致,为南岭地区燕山早期大规模成岩成矿作用高峰期的产物.塘唇钨(锡)矿的发现,不仅拓宽了石英脉型钨锡矿的找矿视野,还有助于完善石英脉型钨锡矿成矿规律和成矿模式,对区域下一步找矿具有重要指导意义.     

中天山基底与塔里木克拉通的构造亲缘性

中天山基底与塔里木克拉通的构造亲缘性问题涉及中亚大地构造单元的划分,倍受学术界关注.在诸多学者的研究基础上,特别是塔里木北缘物质成分和年代学成果基础上,通过区域地质调查,对托克逊县干沟与和静县阿拉沟两地的前南华纪地层序列及其岩石组合进行了专门研究,并筛选出4件浅变质砂岩样品做碎屑锆石U-Pb测年研究,获得165组年龄数据.结果表明,发育在中天山地区的前南华纪地层序列、岩石组合、地层接触关系、沉积环境与塔里木北缘的基本一致,可比性好,揭示了二者之间密切的构造亲缘性.其Th/U比值密集分布在0.4～4.0,表明岩浆锆石占绝大多数.锆石U-Pb测年产生了4个年龄峰值,分别为950Ma、1 550Ma、1 920Ma和2 480Ma,表明中天山较好地保存了元古代的4次重大构造-岩浆活动信息.这些年龄峰值在塔里木陆块均有对应岩浆体的发育,也与塔里木周缘的前寒武纪年龄谱吻合,进一步佐证了中天山基底与塔里木克拉通曾经是一个统一块体的认识.结合区域构造分析,认为中天山陆块是在南华纪以来,逐渐从塔里木克拉通拉张裂离出来的;伴随早古生代天山洋的俯冲,一个奥陶纪-志留纪火山弧发育在这个裂离的中天山陆块之上.     

西藏罗布真矿区林子宗群火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

罗布真铅锌多金属矿床位于冈底斯火山-岩浆活动带的中南部,矿区内广泛发育林子宗群火山岩,岩性为英安岩和流纹质晶屑凝灰岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,罗布真矿区内林子宗群英安岩的成岩年龄为(49.14±0.86) Ma,应属于帕那组火山岩地层,并非前人所认为的典中组。岩石具有高K、低Ti的特征,属于高钾钙碱系列;相对富集Rb、Th、U、K、Zr、Hf等元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Sr等元素,且轻重稀土分馏明显,具有明显的负铕(δEu=0.50~0.65)异常。在印度-亚洲大陆汇聚的过程中,新特提斯洋向欧亚大陆俯冲,约50 Ma发生了大规模的火山、岩浆作用,同时岩浆-热液成矿作用也进入高峰期,林子宗群火山岩的形成时代与该时代一致,形成于陆陆碰撞形成的板内环境。罗布真矿区林子宗群火山岩年龄的厘定,揭示了冈底斯带林子宗群帕那组火山岩具有赋矿潜力,对认识该地区林子宗群火山岩与热液脉型铅锌多金属矿化的关系具有指导意义。