珠江口河流输沙、河口沉积与粒度信息之间的联系

河口三角洲地区泥沙供应充分，是现代沉积速率较高的区域。快速沉积的泥沙包含高分辨率的环境信息。采用放射性同位素测年方法研究了珠江口伶仃洋大铲湾海域6个柱样的现代沉积速率，以2mm的间隔分析了其中2个柱样上部的粒度，并对其平均粒径和珠江流域的年输沙量进行了快速傅里叶变换，以期获取河流泥沙供应、河口沉积速率和沉积物垂向粒度变化的对应关系。结果表明，大铲湾海域的沉积速率为1～3cm／a，受动力条件和泥沙供应条件的影响显著。2个柱样的平均粒径的最显著重现周期与珠江年输沙量的周期性有较好的对应关系，并可能反映了季节的、年的和多年的沉积速率信息。对于每年沉积厚度在厘米级的环境，以毫米级的高分辨率进行粒度分析，有可能揭示出沉积物供应的季节变化和年际变化。本研究亦可为其他河口的相关工作提供借鉴。     

柴达木盆地新构造运动主要特征与成因机制

研究表明，在壳幔结构、地球物理背景、沉积物结构、多层关地幔和构造样式等方面，达木盆地与中国东部新生代裂谷类伸展盆地具有可比性，应该归属 展性盆 。盆地伸展和收缩作用相间进行，伸展起因于地幔底辟；而收缩受两人因素影响；（１）盆地伸展作用受相邻造山带反作用诱导的挤压应力；（２）板块碰撞传递的远程板内应力。在此基础邮新的构造期达木盆地演化的“双层模式”，即地幔上隆－地壳伸展；被动挤压＋板内应力－地壳收缩     

应用六氯化苯测年法对厦门港现代沉积速率的测定

岩芯柱样用静力岩芯采样器于1986年采自福建省厦门港一九龙江口海域。通过对这些岩芯柱样中六氯化苯(BHC)的垂直分布状况和生物扰动类型的分析,应用 S_R=D_(BHC-D_(mix)/Y的计算模式,获得了这些岩芯的现代沉积速率数据。将这些数据、方法与原理完全不同的~(210)Pb放射性同位素测年法同岩芯测年数据比较,其结果在数据和数量级上有一定可比性。初步认为,再经进一步探索和改进,BHC测年法有可能应用于近岸河口港湾几十年来现代沉积速率的测定而与其它测年法互为补充。     

光释光测年中石英样品提纯方法的改进

为了解决光释光前处理中遇到的传统方法无法获得满足纯度石英的问题,通过大量对比实验,结合玻璃工艺中石英分离研究成果,最后获得了新的石英提纯流程,与传统方法相比,新方法通过化学分离避免了密度变化对石英长石分离的影响,从而解决了斜长石和岩屑在传统的重液分离中无法剔除的问题,新方法能够获得满足纯度要求和量要求的石英,同时,新方法比传统方法实验室工作效率更高。     

热液锆石U-Pb定年与石英脉型金矿成矿时代:评述与展望

石英脉型金矿床是最重要的金矿床类型之一,对其成矿时代的精确测定却一直是一道难题.近年来同位素质谱技术的发展使得通过含金石英脉中热液锆石的U-Pb定年来精确限定石英脉型金矿床成矿时代成为可能.但含金石英脉中的锆石组成通常较复杂,除有热液锆石外,还可能出现从围岩中捕获的岩浆锆石和变质锆石.锆石成因和组成的这种复杂性,经常导致所获得的U-Pb年龄数据难以解释或缺乏明确的地质意义.因此石英脉型金矿床锆石U-Pb定年的关键是有效区分从成矿流体中直接生长的热液锆石和从围岩中捕获的岩浆锆石或变质锆石.通过锆石形貌、结构、微量元素组成(含稀土元素)、矿物或流体包裹体特征等的系统分析和综合研究,可以较好地区分含金石英脉中的不同成因锆石.在此基础上利用先进的SHRIMP或LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb分析技术对石英脉中的热液锆石进行微区原位定年,可以获得石英脉型金矿床可靠的成矿年龄.     

<Superscript>40</Superscript>Ar-<Superscript>39</Superscript>Ar dating of lamprophyre dykes in the Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan Province,China, and its geological significance

The Baimazhai nickel deposit, Yunnan Province, China, is located in the southern part of the Sanjiang （Tri-river） alkali-rich intrusive rock belt （Sanjiang ARIR）. In this paper was conducted ^40Ar-^39Ar dating of two phlogopites in lamprophyres which are, as dikes, widely distributed in the orefield, and two plateau ages were acquired, i.e., 32.46±0.62 Ma and 32.01±0.60 Ma, respectively （averaging 32.23±0.60 Ma）. The ages are obviously younger than those of the ore-hosted complex and mineralization of the Baimazhai nickel deposit. In combination with the characteristics, it is indicated that lamprophyres in the orefield and those in the Sanjiang ARIR are similar in tectonic setting, mineral assemblage and geochemistry. It is considered that lamprophyres in the orefield are the important component of the Sanjiang ARIR, and the lamprophyres and ore-hosted complex in the orefield represent the products of two times of different magmatic activity from different mantle sources. On the other hand, the age of lamprophyres in the orefield is older than that of the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt, suggesting that the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt is not the factor leading to magmatic activity of lamprophyres in the orefield, while it is more possible that magmatic activity of the Sanjiang ARIR promoted strike-slip shearing of the fault belt.     

藏南冈底斯带西段麦拉花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及地质意义

用SHRIMP测定了冈底斯岩带西段麦拉山口岩体同碰撞黑云母二长花岗岩锆石的U-Pb年龄,黑云母二长花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为47.1±1.1Ma。这就为前人提出的雅鲁藏布江地区洋盆闭合、板块开始碰撞的时间为50Ma左右提供了同位素年代学的证据。     

胶东地区晚中生代岩浆活动及对大地构造的制约

应用近十几年来胶东地区及其周边岩浆岩体的同位素测年资料,结合几个岩体的新的SHRIMP测年数据(牙山岩体117.7Ma,院格庄岩体113.4Ma,正长斑岩脉115.7Ma),系统研究了该区晚中生代以来的岩浆活动规律,结果表明,该区可分为4个岩浆活动期;(1)晚侏罗世构造-岩浆热事件(150~160Ma),以玲珑-滦家河型岩体为代表,是在区域挤压构造应力作用下侵入的,属同构造或同造山时期的岩浆作用。(2)早白垩世早期构造-岩浆热事件(135~125Ma),以郭家岭岩体为典型,该时期的岩浆活动均具有双峰式岩浆作用特征,反映了伸展动力学背景。(3)早白垩世中晚期构造-岩浆热事件(125~105Ma),以崂山花岗岩为特征,该阶段对应于中国东部岩石圈大规模的减薄时期,是大陆裂谷作用的高峰期。(4)晚白垩世-古新世基性-超基性火山作用。本文还探讨了岩浆活动的地球动力学因素及其对大地构造的制约。     

中国西秦岭碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义

西秦岭是北接华北克拉通、西接祁连与柴达木、南接松潘—甘孜地块的东秦岭造山带的西延。文中研究了该区从前寒武纪到三叠纪的碎屑沉积岩。这些碎屑沉积岩中分离出的锆石由LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)进行了U-Pb定年。全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄类似于扬子克拉通年龄,主要分布于1.55~1.98Ga,峰值为1.81Ga,而与华北克拉通主要为古元古代与太古宙的模式年龄形成明显的对比。泥盆系中的碎屑锆石930~730Ma的U-Pb年龄指示其与扬子克拉通具亲缘性。930~730Ma是源区地壳的强烈增长阶段。二叠系—三叠系的碎屑沉积岩主体以含老于1600Ma的碎屑锆石为特征。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Sm-Nd同位素组成指示此时华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石成为二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩的重要物源。扬子克拉通在三叠纪时与华北克拉通拼接。西秦岭二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩含有高达50%的华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石。     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics and geodynamics of Altai, Tien Shan, and Northern Kazakhstan, from apatite fission-track data

Apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronological modeling as a diagnostic tool for periods of stability (peneplanation) and tectonic activity (orogeny) has been broadly used in tectonic studies of Central Asia in recent years. We discuss more than 100 AFT ages of samples from the Kyrgyz Tien Shan and Altai and compare them with AFT data from northern Kazakhstan. Geological, geomorphological, and AFT data indicate intense activity in the Late Cenozoic Eurasian continental interior. The impact from the India-Eurasia collision on the northern Tien Shan, Altai, and northern Kazakhstan regions showed up at 11, 5, and 3 Ma, respectively, as a result of stress propagation into the continent, with the ensuing reactivation and mountain growth. We hypothesize that a distant effect of the Late Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision was to rejuvenate Paleozoic fault zones and to deform the Mesozoic sedimentary cover north of the collision front as far as the West Siberian Plate. The reactivation facilitated formation of tectonic oil and gas traps. The activity in northern Central Asia under the effect of the Indian indentation into Eurasia appears to continue and may evolve to include uplift of southern West Siberian plate with uplift.