形状记忆合金橡胶对高架桥梁碰撞减震效果的试验研究

地震作用下,高架桥梁相邻主梁间的碰撞会引起结构位移和加速度响应增大、应力提高,导致混凝土开裂、脱落和伸缩缝被挤压破坏,甚至引发桥梁落梁和倒塌等,因此采取减轻或者避免桥梁结构在地震作用下碰撞的措施显得尤为必要。设计制备了具有变形自恢复能力的形状记忆合金橡胶碰撞缓冲器,通过桥梁地震碰撞的振动台试验,研究了形状记忆合金橡胶缓冲器对桥梁碰撞的控制效果,提出了碰撞缓冲器吸能效率和结构自身耗能控制率指标。研究表明,形状记忆合金橡胶碰撞缓冲器具有稳定的吸能效率,能够大幅度降低桥梁结构碰撞加速度和碰撞力,这对于提高城市交通网络的地震安全性能具有重要意义。     

Penetration of molten iron alloy into the lower mantle phase

The core–mantle boundary is the only interface where the metallic core and the silicate mantle interact physically and chemically. Many geophysical anomalies such as low shear velocity and high electrical conductivity have been observed at the bottom of the mantle. Perturbations in the Earth's rotation rate at decadal time periods require the existence of a thin conductive layer with a conductance of 10⁸ S. Substantial additions of molten iron from the outer core into the mantle may produce these geophysical anomalies. Although iron enrichment by penetration has only been observed in (Mg,Fe)O, the second dominant mineral in the lower mantle, the penetration process leading to iron enrichment in the silicate mantle has not been experimentally confirmed. In this study, high-pressure and high-temperature experiments were conducted to investigate the penetration of molten iron alloy into lower mantle phases; postspinel, polycrystalline bridgmanite and polycrystalline (Mg,Fe)O. At the interface between (Mg,Fe)O aggregate and molten iron alloy, liquid metal penetrated the (Mg,Fe)O aggregate along grain boundaries and formed a thin layer containing metal-rich blobs. In contrast, no penetration of molten iron alloy was observed at the interface between molten iron alloy and silicate phases. Penetration of liquid iron alloy into the (Mg,Fe)O aggregate is caused by the capillarity phenomenon or Mullins–Sekerka instability. Neither mechanism occurs at the boundary of pure polycrystalline MgO, indicating that the FeO in (Mg,Fe)O plays an essential role in this phenomenon. Infiltration of molten iron alloy along grain boundaries (capillarity phenomenon) is the dominant process and precedes penetration due to the Mullins–Sekerka instability. The capillarity phenomenon is governed by the balance of forces between surface tension and gravity. In the case where the ultralow velocity zone (ULVZ) with a low shear velocity is composed of Fe-rich (Mg,Fe)O, the maximum penetration distance of molten iron alloy by capillary rise is limited to 20 m. The addition of iron-rich melt to the base of the mantle is therefore unlikely to be the main cause of the high conductance of the CMB region predicted from decadal variation of the length of day. Furthermore, the absence of molten iron alloy penetration into silicate phases does not allow an extensive modification of the chemical composition of the mantle by core–mantle interaction.     

高层钢结构地震反应形状记忆合金拉索控制研究

本文通过形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性性能试验确定了SMA材料的各项参数和常温状态下的本构模型。对采用SMA拉索实施振动控制的20层钢结构的Benchmark模型的地震响应进行了时程分析。计算结果表明,实施SMA拉索控制后,层间相对位移可降低70％左右,且SMA材料很好的耗能作用有效地减少了地震能量向上部楼层的传递,对上部结构具有一定的隔振作用;顶层相对位移的控制效果达到51％;顶层加速度可降低43％;地震波强度和拉索初应变对拉索的被动控制效果影响较大。最后给出了拉索的安装位置与拉索的应变之间的关系曲线,建议了合理的布置方案。     

锥形形状记忆合金阻尼器性能分析与试验研究

本文对一种新型形状记忆合金阻尼器——锥形形状记忆合金阻尼器的性能进行了数值分析和试验研究。基于形状记忆合金的超弹性双线型本构模型,利用非线性有限元方法分析了锥形形状记忆合金阻尼器的滞回性能,并且用大型能用程序ANSYS进行了验证,得出锥形形状记忆合金阻尼器的滞回模型可简化为分段线性滞回模型,试验包括形状记忆合金丝的本构试验、疲劳试验阳阻尼器的性能试验．试验结果与数值分析结果基本吻合,形状记忆合金表现出良好的超弹性。     

深井复合钻柱技术在特深科学钻探中的应用探讨

深井复合钻柱技术是解决特深科学钻探超长钻杆柱可靠性问题的重要途径,其与设备能力、材料性能、钻进条件及管柱力学等息息相关。本文系统总结了复合钻柱技术在我国深部钻探中的发展和应用情况,在复合钻柱强度理论的基础上,探讨了不同复合钻柱的组合方案及其极限下深。研究结果表明,若以?216 mm直径终孔,仅依靠钢质钻柱已无法满足特深钻探13000 m的下深要求,而采用V150钢级?127 mm钻杆配合?127 mm钛合金钻杆及S135钢级?127 mm钻杆配合?129 mm铝合金钻杆可分别满足最大13484 m和18783 m的下深要求,钻柱总重分别仅有360.5 t和324.3 t,均具备可靠的安全性保障。本文对特深科学钻探用复合钻柱的设计和选择具有参考意义。     

冷组装铝合金钻杆螺纹副力学性能测试及失效分析

与传统的钢制钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆具有密度小、比强度高、无磁等优点,因此在深井与超深井钻井作业中具有较大优势。在实际使用中,铝合金钻杆两端需要通过钢接头之间的螺纹来实现拧卸钻杆,而铝合金杆体与钢接头还需要过盈装配以实现紧固连接 。以液氮为冷源,对50 mm的7075铝合金钻杆管体与钢接头进行了“冷组装”过盈装配,铝合金管体与钢接头之间的过盈量分别为0.10、0.15、0.20 mm。对组装后两端带钢接头的铝合金钻杆分别进行了拉伸和扭转试验,评价了铝合金管体与钢接头连接的可靠性,对断裂试样的断口进行了宏观与微观分析,阐述了其断裂机理。结果表明,采用“冷组装”方式可以实现铝合金管体与钢接头的过盈装配,其中过盈量为0.15 mm时,带钢接头的铝合金钻杆综合性能较优,可以承受较大的抗拉强度极限和抗扭极限,其断裂方式为脆性断裂。     

Microstructures and properties of TC4 ELI alloy with horizontal EBW for submersible manned cabin

The welding was one of the technologies to manufacture manned cabin, which was a significant part of the submersible. To improve the procedure, horizontal EBW was employed on TC4 ELI alloy with 60 mm thickness, and the microstructures and properties of the joints were investigated. The crystals and microstructures of the welds were homogeneous from the top to bottom, and the microhardness of the weld was equivalent, which was harder than that of the base metal. The tensile properties of the joints were homogeneous along the penetration. The tensile strength and yield strength of the joints were higher than those of the base metal, and the percentage elongation after fracture was 80% of the base metal, which indicated the strength mis-match as overmatching. The impact toughnesses of the welds were equivalent along the penetration, which reached 80% of the base metal. The joint specimens were bended to 180° with no cracks. The investigation verified the excellent procedure and properties of horizontal EBW, which would make China become one of the countries with the capacity of manufacturing submersible cabin.     

微细浸染型金矿床成矿机制新探

通过对微细浸染型金矿床矿物流体包裹体的化学组成、金矿物的化学成分、主要共、伴生矿物组合的研讨,结合该类型矿床的成矿环境及金氢化物、金合金氢化物、金羰基化合物的物理化学性质,认为金氢化物、金合金氢化物、金羰基化合物是微细浸染型金矿床金的主要迁移形式。它们从地球深部富氢、富CO强还原环境,随岩浆、热液、热气迁移至地壳浅部,由于压力、温度、pH值下降、Eh值上升,氢、CO逃逸,氧化、分解形成微粒金矿物,沉淀富集形成金矿床。此后,如再发生地质构造、地壳演化运动,微粒金矿物可重新活化,进行接力式迁移、叠加富集。     

镍钴锰三元合金镀层应用于电镀金刚石钻头的初步研究

提出了一种能很好适应电镀金刚石钻头要求的新型胎体材料即镍钴锰三元合金镀层，给出了新镀层的电镀液配方，对比测量了镍钴锰镀层与目前广为采用的镍钴和镍锰镀层的硬度与韧性，结果指出，镍钴锰三元合金镀层具有比镍钴或镍锰镀层更高的综合机械性能和低得多的钴含量，更适合于制造电镀金刚石钻头，在适当条件下，镍钴锰胎体钻头可以分别更好地适应于镍钴和镍锰胎体钻头的应用领域。     

铝合金钻杆的优越性及在地探深孔中的应用前景

在归纳铝合金钻杆众多优点的基础上,介绍铝合金钻杆与钢接头的连接方式、过盈配合,举例分析铝合金钻杆可显著减少深孔钻进大钩载荷、转盘扭矩和泵压损失的效果,探讨了铝合金钻杆在地探深孔中的应用前景。