以不完全脱水氯化镁电解制备稀土镁合金的相关技术问题

简述了我国镁和稀土资源的利用情况,以及国内外用电解法制备金属镁和稀土镁合金的情况。详细论述了以不完全脱水氯化镁电解制备稀土镁合金存在的问题、对策以及相关的技术问题。分析了水分及金属氯化物水解产物对电解过程的消极影响及消除方法;讨论了熔盐电解质中金属氯化物与氧化物的转化反应、电解质组成、加料方式、电解槽设计和尾气处理等问题。     

一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器的减震控制分析

利用形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性,本文提出了一种放大位移型SMA阻尼器,建立了装有该阻尼器的框架有限元模型并对该框架的地震反应实施了模拟减震控制。分不安装阻尼器、安装不放大位移阻尼器和安装放大2倍层间位移阻尼器三种工况,输入El Centro和Taft地震动,对比研究了阻尼器的减震控制效果。分析结果表明:(1)放大位移型SMA阻尼器的控制效果优于不放大位移型SMA阻尼器;(2)该放大位移型SMA阻尼器对位移的控制效果优于对加速度的控制效果。     

Developing high‐performance aluminum alloy buckling‐restrained braces based on series of low‐cycle fatigue tests

In order to enhance the durability of high‐performance buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) used in bridge engineering, which are expected to withstand severe earthquakes three times without being replaced, aluminum alloys were employed to manufacture BRBs. A series of low‐cycle fatigue tests, including 18 specimens, were conducted to address the low‐cycle fatigue strength of the aluminum alloy BRB. Test results of all specimens show that stable hysteretic curves were obtained without overall buckling occurrence. Failure mode of the welded aluminum alloy BRB is obviously affected by the ribs' welding under the variable or constant strain amplitude condition. Therefore, another type of aluminum alloy BRB, the bolt‐assembled BRB with or without spot‐welded stoppers, is proposed and tested. Results showed that the low‐cycle fatigue performance of bolt‐assembled BRBs with stoppers improved four to five times compared with welded BRBs. However, the stoppers' spot welding has an adverse effect on the failure mode because the crack, which induced the specimen's failure, initiated from the spot weld toes of the stoppers. Both bolt‐assembled BRBs with and without stoppers can meet the cumulative inelastic deformation requirement proposed for high‐performance BRBs under the constant strain amplitude, not larger than 2%. In addition, under the variable strain amplitude condition, only the bolt‐assembled BRB without stoppers has an excellent cumulative inelastic deformation capacity and sustains two cycles of 2.5% strain amplitude. Finally, recommended Manson–Coffin equations and preliminary cumulative damage formulae for welded and bolt‐assembled BRBs are given as the references of the strain‐based damage evaluation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of an SMA-based hybrid control device to 20-story nonlinear benchmark building

This paper investigates the seismic response control of a 20-story nonlinear benchmark building with a new recentering variable friction device (RVFD). The RVFD combines energy dissipation capabilities of a variable friction damper (VFD) with the recentering ability of shape memory alloy (SMA) wires. The VFD that is the first subcomponent of the hybrid device consists of a friction generation unit and piezoelectric actuators. The clamping force of the VFD can be adjusted according to the current level of ground motion by adjusting the voltage level of piezoelectric actuators. SMA wires that exhibit a unique hysteretic behavior and full shape recovery after experiencing large strains is the second subcomponent of the hybrid device. Numerical simulations of a seismically excited 20-story benchmark building are conducted to evaluate the performance of the hybrid device. A continuous hysteretic model is used to capture frictional behavior of the VFD and a neuro-fuzzy model is employed to describe highly nonlinear behavior of the SMA components of the hybrid device. A fuzzy logic controller is developed to adjust the voltage level of VFDs for favorable performance in an RVFD hybrid application. Results show that the RVFD modulated with a fuzzy logic control strategy can effectively reduce interstory drifts and permanent deformations without increasing acceleration response of the benchmark building for most cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瓷柱式SF6高压断路器抗震性能分析

开展断路器的抗震性能分析,研究铅合金减震器的减震效果,对提高电气设备的抗震能力有重要意义。利用ANSYS,建立了LW36-252/T3150-40型瓷柱式SF6断路器的有限元模型。并以IEEE Standard 693推荐时程和汶川地震典型时程作为地震输入,分别计算了支架底部未安装与安装铅合金减震器时断路器的地震反应。分析了减震器的减震效果,对断路器的抗震性能作了评定。铅合金减震器有良好的减震效果,能有效提高设备的抗震能力,此断路器可达到IEEE Std 693-2005中等水准抗震水平。     

高铝锌基合金（ZA）

高铝锌基合金是７０年代发展起来的一类新型合金。运用材料科学理论综合分析了国内外专家和研究人员在高铝锌基合金的组织、凝固特点与铸造性能、机械性能、耐蚀性能、热强性方面的研究现状．指出了存在的问题，提出了几点建议。     

中国大陆科学深钻主孔中FeCrNi合金球粒的发现

在中国大陆科学深钻主孔中发现了2粒FeCrNi合金球粒,粒径约200μm,其中w(Fe)=71.07%~73.68%,w(Cr)=14.55%~16.79%,w(Ni)=9.91%~11.47%,总和为98.2%~99.65%,分子式为Fe0.74Cr0.16Ni0.10。球粒内均含氧化物包体,由Cr、Mn、Al、Si、Fe、Ti和O组成。X射线衍射分析表明,FeCrNi球粒为多晶,具立方晶系的晶体结构,空间群为Fm3m,晶胞参数为a=0.3603nm,Z=4,密度为7.828g/cm3。球粒经抛光后呈银灰色,金属光泽,平均莫氏硬度为4.026,主波长S546反射率为56%。球粒可能是FeCrNi合金组成的金属熔融液滴冷却的产物。     

Potassium partitioning into molten iron alloys at high-pressure: Implications for Earth's core

The partition coefficients of potassium, D_K, between molten sanidine, KAlSi₃O₈, and molten roedderite, K₂Mg₅Si₁₂O₃₀, with FeS-rich alloy and pure Fe metal liquids have been investigated in a multi-anvil press, between 5 and 15 GPa, at a temperature of 2173 K, and at an oxygen fugacity between 0.5 and 3 log units below the iron-wüstite (IW) buffer. No pressure dependence of the D_K coefficients in sulphur-free and sulphur-bearing systems was found within the investigated pressure range. We also observed minor effect of the silicate melt composition for an nbo/t (non-bridging oxygen to tetrahedral cation ratio) higher than 0.8 ± 0.4. In contrast, the partitioning of potassium varies strongly with the metallic phase composition, with an increase of K-solubility in the metallic liquid for high sulphur and oxygen contents.We review all available high-pressure data to obtain reliable D_K coefficients for the interaction between molten silicates and Fe-alloy liquids at pressures and temperatures relevant to those of core formation in a terrestrial magma ocean. The dominant controlling parameters appear to be the temperature and the chemical composition of the metallic phase, with D_K coefficients significantly increased with temperature, and with the sulphur and oxygen contents of the Fe-alloy liquid. Our considerations distinguish two extreme cases, with an S-free or S-bearing iron core, which yield K contents of ∼25 or ∼250 ppm, respectively. These two extreme values have very different consequences for thermal budget models of the Earth's core since its formation.     

科学超深井钻探铝合金钻杆的腐蚀失效分析

针对铝合金钻杆在复杂的超深井钻井工程服役条件,分析了铝合金钻杆腐蚀行为的主要外在钻井工程因素,并进行了松辽盆地资源与环境深部钻探“松科二井”铝合金钻杆工程试样腐蚀程度的测试与分析。分析结果表明：钻杆结构、磨损与应力、钻井液介质、井内高温高压是其产生腐蚀的主要服役条件因素;铝杆体与钢接头连接处的腐蚀情况最为严重,铝杆体次之,加厚端部分耐蚀性最好;腐蚀产物的主要成分是Al2O3和Al(OH)3相。     

间隔取液法延长化学镀镍液寿命的研究

研究了通过间隔取液法延长化学镀镍液使用寿命的技术,通过孔隙率试验测定镀层耐孔蚀性能。结果表明,间隔取液法可以有效地延长镀液的使用寿命,镀液中有害离子Na ,SO42-,HPO3-的临界浓度分别为1.99,0.626和0.486mol/L。当取液量>11%时,镀液中的有害离子均不超过其临界浓度,镀液可以循环使用。