地质钻探铝合金钻杆材料研制及室内试验研究

与钢钻杆相比,铝合金钻杆具有比强度高、刚度低、耐腐蚀性好等优点,在实施钻探工程作业时,可增加现有钻探设备钻进能力,减少钻机动力消耗,降低钻探施工难度,减轻工人劳动强度.开展地质钻探铝合金钻杆研究,对提高我国难进入地区地质调查钻探工程效率、推动地质钻探科学技术进步以及节能降耗工作具有重大现实意义.本文介绍了7E04铝合金...     

Effectiveness of superelastic bars for seismic rehabilitation of clay‐unit masonry walls

This paper presents the results on shaking table tests of half‐scale brick walls performed to investigate the effectiveness of newly developed Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloy (SEA) bars in retrofitting of historical masonry constructions. Problems associated with conventional steel reinforcing bars lie in degradation of stiffness and strength, or pinching phenomena, under cyclic loading, and presence of large residual cracks in structures during and after intense earthquakes. This paper attempts to resolve the problems by applying newly developed Cu–Al–Mn SEA bars, characterized by large recovery strain, low material cost, and high machinability, as partial replacements for steel bars. Sets of unreinforced, steel reinforced, and SEA‐reinforced specimens are subjected to scaled earthquake excitations in out‐of‐plane direction. Whereas steel‐reinforced specimens showed large residual inclinations, SEA‐reinforced specimens resulted in stable rocking response with slight residual inclinations. Corresponding nonlinear finite element (FE) models are developed to simulate the experimental observations. The FE models are further used to examine the sensitivity of the response with respect to the variations in experimental conditions. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrate the superiority of Cu–Al–Mn SEA bars to conventional steel reinforcing bars in avoiding pinching phenomena. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi-objective stochastic-structural-optimization of shape-memory-alloy assisted pure-friction bearing for isolating building against random earthquakes

The optimal stochastic performance of pure friction system supplemented with SMA-restrainer (SMA-PF) is presented based on a framework of multi-objective optimization. The evaluation of system response for this is based on nonlinear random vibration analysis. The optimizing design variables are based on two mutually conflicting objectives, involving maximizing the isolation efficiency as well as isolator displacement. The proposed optimal design, thus, not only maximizes the isolation efficiency but also impose due consideration to the bearing displacement. The optimal bearing is shown to substantially reduce the bearing displacement with nominal sacrifice in isolation efficiency. Comparison of the multi-objective Pareto fronts reveals much facilitated trade-off among the mutually conflicting objectives in SMA-PF than in PF system. The viability of the optimal performance is further verified under recorded ground motions, which is observed to be in parity to the stochastic response behavior. The reduction in the residual bearing displacement is also observed.     

热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头的试验研究

针对在坚硬致密岩石中钻进时效低和钻头使用寿命短的技术难题,分析了热压钻头的金刚石出刃与岩石研磨性等岩性之间的内在联系,认为钻头的胎体成分及其性能是关键,硬而带脆性的胎体性能有利于金刚石出刃,从而能提高钻进速度。因此,从热压金刚石钻头的胎体成分与性能研究入手,经过反复的试验研究,试制出了热压铁基孕镶金刚石钻头,取得了突破性的进展。在坚硬致密岩层中钻进,钻进时效由0.5 m左右提高到1.17 m,钻头寿命由10 m左右提高到21.31 m,解决了在坚硬致密岩层中钻进难的问题。试验研究结果说明,铁基合金是一种新型的金刚石钻头胎体材料,热压铁基孕镶人造金刚石钻头是一种新类型的金刚石钻头。     

高铝稀土锌合金的光电直读光谱分析

用光电直读光谱法分析高铝稀土锌合金中合金元素和杂质元素的含量,确定了被测元素的光谱分析线、最佳分析条件、分析样品制备要求、校准曲线的拟合情况。方法制样简单,无污染,各元素相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)≤6.67%,与国标方法对照,结果相符。     

离子选择电极法测定水热气体中的硼含量及硼的气态迁移能力研究

火山和成矿地质现象表明硼可以在含水流体和气体中运移,本文应用离子选择电极法测定水热气体中硼的溶解度,以揭示硼的气态迁移能力。使用氟硼酸盐选择电极,测定了经氟硼酸化的硼酸标准溶液和含硼气体凝结水的电位,当硼含量处于地质流体的主要范围内(0.52~524.50 mg/L)时,电极电位与硼浓度的对数呈现出灵敏度很高的能斯特线性关系,标准曲线具有很好的稳定性和重现性。本方法测定硼的检出限为0.13 mg/L,低于饮用水标准规定的硼含量限值,适用于测定水热气体中的硼含量。硼酸挥发实验显示,硼在150℃、0.37 MPa水蒸气中的含量可达0.65%~0.72%,与富硼火山喷气的硼含量相符,显示硼在高温水热条件下可在气相中显著迁移,且H_3BO_3气态分子是硼的主要迁移形式之一。矿床地质特征和实验表明,硼的气态迁移和电气石化与稀有金属型伟晶岩的形成和矿化以及某些热液-气成型Sn-W、Mo矿床和斑岩型Cu、Au矿床的形成密切相关。     

高锰铝青铜焊缝在3.5%NaCl溶液中的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验装置对高锰铝青铜焊缝在质量分数为3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，焊接金属的抗空蚀性能明显高于母材，焊缝金属的空蚀累积失重及失重率均约为母材的1／4。SEM空蚀形貌分析表明，母材的空蚀破坏比焊缝金属严重得多，导致空蚀破坏的裂纹萌生于晶界。     

铸造铝合金样品的X射线荧光光谱分析

以西南铝业公司研制的E223系列ZL205A铝合金作为光谱标样，用干扰曲线法结合理论α系数对谱线重叠干扰及基体效应进行校正，建立了X射线荧光光谱测定铸造铝合金ZL205A中除B外的Mg、Si、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Zr和Cd 10种元素的方法。该方法用于实际样品分析，结果与化学法、原子吸收法相吻合。10次制样测量，各元素RSD在0．42％～2．23％。     

硅金矿的形成机理初探

文中描述了硅金矿的成矿机制。金硅合金氢化物迁移至地壳浅部，氢逃逸和氧化，热液降至低温，沉淀形成硅金矿。     

以不完全脱水氯化镁电解制备稀土镁合金的相关技术问题

简述了我国镁和稀土资源的利用情况,以及国内外用电解法制备金属镁和稀土镁合金的情况。详细论述了以不完全脱水氯化镁电解制备稀土镁合金存在的问题、对策以及相关的技术问题。分析了水分及金属氯化物水解产物对电解过程的消极影响及消除方法;讨论了熔盐电解质中金属氯化物与氧化物的转化反应、电解质组成、加料方式、电解槽设计和尾气处理等问题。