等离子体片离子与太阳风及地磁条件的关联研究

本文根据搭载于Cluster卫星的CIS/CODIF和RAPID仪器的观测数据,统计研究了等离子体片中的H+、O+离子在磁暴期间的时间变化特性,及其对太阳风条件的响应.观测结果表明：(1) 磁暴开始前,O+离子（0~40 keV）数密度保持在较低水平.随着磁暴的发展,O+数密度缓慢上升,其峰值出现在Dst极小值附近;H+离子(0~40 keV)数密度在磁暴开始之前的较短时间迅速增加并达到峰值,在磁暴开始之后迅速降低,并在整个主相和恢复相期间保持在相对较低水平.更高能量的离子则在磁暴开始后迅速增多,并在低能O+离子达到峰值之前达到峰值.因此我们推测磁暴初期从等离子体片注入环电流的主要是H+离子,主相后期O+离子可能扮演更为重要的角色.(2)在地磁活动时期,太阳风密度和动压强与等离子体片中的H+、O+数密度存在一定相关性.等离子体片中的H+离子对北向IMF Bz较为敏感,而IMF Bz南向条件下更有利于太阳风参数对等离子体片中O+数密度的影响.在地磁活动平静期,太阳风条件对等离子体片中的离子没有明显影响.     

甘肃省肃南县雪泉铜(锌)矿床找矿勘查思路探讨

雪泉塞浦路斯型富铜(锌)块状硫化物矿床地处北祁连山西段奥陶纪弧后盆地火山岩带内,矿床的形成受火山热液喷流中心控制,每个喷流中心的成矿遵循"蘑菇"状的成矿模式,目前已发现矿区存在多个热液喷流中心,与此相对应的矿体表现出呈群出现,分段集中的特点。结合矿区地形特点,笔者提出矿床下一步的找矿勘查应按照"面上展开——利用地质测量、物探扫面进行探寻热液喷流中心;分段深入——在每个热液喷流中心主要利用硐探工程进行探矿验证"的思路开展工作。     

新疆小热泉子铜(锌)矿床同位素研究

小热泉子矿床是我国最近发现的一个中型富铜(锌)矿床,其矿床成因为众多的矿床学家所关注.本文对该矿床中不同类型矿石、矿物的S、O、H、Si及稀有(惰性)气体He、Ar同位素特征作了较祥细的论述,同时用K-Ar法对硫化物的年龄测定进行了初步尝试.该矿床硫化物的δ34S值为+1.5‰~+11.1‰,平均为6.15‰(46);3He/4He(初始)值为5×10-8~2.17×10-6,平均为0.64×10-6(6),40Ar/36Ar值为305.27~439.81,平均为353.57(6);容矿岩中石英的δ18O值为+7.5‰~+11.7‰,平均为9.23‰(8),δ30Si值为0~-0.8‰,平均为-0.3‰(8);δD值为-66‰~-121‰,平均为-97‰(3).硫化物的K-Ar法年龄主要为339.1Ma、230.2Ma及98.4Ma,这些数据均显示出该矿床的成矿物质具壳幔混合的特征,矿床的形成具同生及多次成矿作用的特点.上述资料为该矿床的成因研究提供了重要的同位素信息.     

铜精矿中铅锌的连续测定

利用铜铁试剂分离Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ等干扰元素,同时铜铁试剂与Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ产生络合物吸附波,可连续测定铜精矿中的Ｐｂ和Ｚｎ。体系中铅峰在－０．５４Ｖ,锌峰在－０．９９Ｖ,线性范围Ｐｂ为８０～１６００μｇ／ＬＺｎ为１２０～１２００μｇ／Ｌ,检出限Ｐｂ为４０μｇ／Ｌ,Ｚｎ为８０μｇ／Ｌ,测定结果与参考值相符,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝３）Ｐｂ（ｎ＝３）Ｐｂ〈６％,Ｚｎ〈１０％。     

吉林省夹皮沟—金城洞绿岩区中金矿床形成的物理化学条件

作者应用气液包裹体研究和热力学方法讨论了吉林省夹皮沟—金城洞绿岩区中金矿床形成的物理化学条件,分别确定了Ⅰ矿田(石(?)沟旷田)、Ⅱ矿田(夹皮沟矿田)和Ⅲ矿田(金城洞矿田)的成矿T、P、pH、Eh、fs_2、fo_2、fco_2及成矿溶液性质、成分类型、主要成矿离子Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、[AuS_3]~(3-)的浓度。     

Interaction of trace metals with natural particle surfaces: Comparison between adsorption experiments and field measurements

The distribution of the metal ions Zn and Pb between particulate and dissolved phase in river Glatt was studied by field measurements and compared with calculated simulations, using parameters obtained by adsorption experiments with natural suspended particulate material. Differences in distribution coefficients obtained from field data are observed in function of the sampling locations and of the composition of the particulate matter.Experiments in which metal ion solutions are titrated with a suspension of natural particles and analyzed by anodic stripping voltammetry, are interpreted in terms of binding capacities and conditional stability constants of Zn and Pb with the surface sites. Binding constants of a particular metal ion varied very little for all samples. We obtained mean values for the conditional average complex formation constants at pH 8 of: log^cond K _Pb = 9.44 ± 0.18 and log^cond K _Zn = 8.17 ± 0.20. At this pH, binding capacities of 5 10^–3 – 1.7 10^–2 mol/kg of particles were obtained for samples collected at different locations and times; organic material, iron and manganese oxides are considered to be the main components that control the adsorption to the particles.Distribution coefficients are calculated from the experimentally obtained binding capacities and conditional stability constants. Calculated distribution coefficients for Zn agree with those obtained from the field data and are not very sensitive to changes in the composition of the solution. Good agreement was obtained for lead as well; for some samples it was important to take two types of sites with different affinity into consideration.     

武汉市冬季灰霾期PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的特征

2018年1月,利用颗粒物采样器采集武汉市大气PM_2.5样品并进行水溶性无机离子（F^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺）的分析.结果表明,NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺是PM_2.5中最主要的3种水溶性无机离子,除Mg²⁺与Ca²⁺外,PM_2.5与WSⅡs （水溶性无机离子）之间的相关性显著,且移动源贡献占主导地位.阴阳离子平衡表明武汉市冬季灰霾期PM_2.5呈中性或弱酸性.通过混合单粒子拉格朗日综合轨迹模式模拟并采用分层聚类得出了4种主要的后向气流轨迹及相应的PM_2.5和水溶性离子浓度,结果表明区域传输对此次灰霾期影响较大.     

Reactive flow models of the Anarraaq Zn–Pb–Ag deposit,Red Dog district,Alaska

The Red Dog ore deposit district in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska is host to several high-grade, shale-hosted Zn + Pb deposits. Due to the complex history and deformation of these ore deposits, the geological and hydrological conditions at the time of formation are poorly understood. Using geological observations and fluid inclusion data as constraints, numerical heat and fluid flow simulations of the Anarraaq ore deposit environment and coupled reactive flow simulations of a section of the ore body were conducted to gain more insight into the conditions of ore body formation. Results suggest that the ore body and associated base metal zonation may have formed by the mixing of oxidized, saline, metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids (<200°C) with reducing, HS-rich pore fluids within radiolarite-rich host rocks. Sphalerite and galena concentrations and base metal sulfide distribution are primarily controlled by the nature of the pore fluids, i.e., the extent and duration of the HS⁻ source. Forward modeling results also predict the distribution of pyrite and quartz in agreement with field observations and indicate a reaction front moving from the initial mixing interface into the radiolarite rocks. Heuristic mass calculations suggest that ore grades and base metal accumulation comparable to those found in the field (18% Zn, 5% Pb) are predicted to be reached after about 0.3 My for initial conditions (30 ppm Zn, 3 ppm Pb; 20% deposition efficiency).     

Post-mine metal transport and attenuation in the Keno Hill mining district, central Yukon, Canada

 The Keno Hill mining district in central Yukon was the second largest silver producer in Canada with mines operating from 1913 to 1989 on more than 65 vein silver deposits. The seven and a half decades of mining activities have generated large volumes of mine waste disposed on the land surface, resulting in elevated metal contents in numerous small drainages. To assess the extent of metal mobilization, old mine workings and the associated mine waste were examined and the water courses draining to a major river valley sampled. The results of field observations and an array of water and sediment analyses led to three major conclusions. 1. Acid mine drainage is not widespread because of galvanic protection of pyrite from oxidative dissolution and neutralization by carbonates in the country rock. 2. Mechanisms operative to limit aqueous metal transport in small streams in the district include cryogenic precipitation, coprecipitation and sorption. 3. The near-surface concentration of metals limits the options of waste disposal in future mining developments due to potential metal-leaching problems. Received: 12 December 1995 · Accepted: 26 March 1996     

4,4′-二[(8-羟基喹啉)偶氮]-3,3′-二甲基联苯分光光度法测定锌

研究了新显色剂4,4,＇-二[(8-羟基喹啉)偶氮]-3.3＇-二甲基联苯(D-HQADMB)与Zn(Ⅱ)的显色反应条件。在CPC存在下的pH7.5～8.5缓冲介质中、Zn(Ⅱ)与D-HQADMB形成稳定的深红色配合物,组成比为Zn(Ⅱ):D-HQADMB=1:2,λ_(max)=550nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为7.19×10~4 L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),Zn量在0～1.25μg/ml范围内服从比尔定律。方法可用于测定矿样中的Zn。