海水淡化排放的高盐废水对海洋生态环境的影响

盐度是海洋环境中最重要的生态因子之一,每种生物各有其适宜生长盐度要求,当环境盐度超过该范围时,生物体的生长、发育、生殖、行为和分布都会受到影响.近10年来,随着淡水资源紧缺和海水淡化处理成本的下降,海水淡化厂数量急剧增加,大量浓盐水进入海区导致受纳海域盐度升高.高浓度盐水给海洋生态环境带来许多负面影响,有关浓盐水的海洋生态安全问题备受人们关注.在总结和分析浓盐水对海洋浮游生物、底栖动物、甲壳类动物、鱼类和海草等影响的基础上,指出海水淡化厂排放的高盐废水对海洋生态的潜在威胁,浓盐水的排放使一些经济水产种类产量减少,给渔业资源和海洋经济带来损失.不同地域环境对海水淡化厂排放水的敏感程度不同,且潮流、海流和水团等水文因素以及海水淡化厂的日处理量和规模等因子决定了排放的高盐废水对海域生态影响的程度.为减少排放的高盐废水对出水口附近海域的影响,提出了海水淡化工程合理规划和布局的可行措施,要选择水体交换良好的海域作为海水淡化工程所在地,对排水口要进行因地制宜地设计,做好高盐废水的再利用工作,以最大限度地减少排放的高盐废水对海区环境的负面影响.建议对海水淡化厂附近海域进行有针对性的水质调查和监测,并做好环境风险影响的评价工作;制定及完善相关的法律法规,建立统一的高盐废水排放标准,而该标准则要以排放的高盐废水对当地海洋生态不造成较大的影响为依据,使海水淡化产业的发展有法可依.     

铜仁大硐喇汞矿田中锌矿分布规律及找矿远景

简要分析区域成矿地质背景、地层构造及矿床地质特征,重点论述汞矿田中锌矿分布规律。矿体分布于中寒武统敖溪组第五段二亚段,富集于背斜轴部、断层两侧,并受次级褶皱控制,其构造控矿明显,锌矿化与硅化、沥青化、白云石化、方解石化关系密切,探讨铜仁大硐喇汞矿田及相邻区具类似控矿地质条件的找矿远景。     

海上钢结构防腐蚀措施的研究

针对海上钢结构严重腐蚀环境,分析了影响其腐蚀的主要因素,比较分析了钢结构常用的几种腐蚀防护方法。由于电弧喷涂复合涂层具有20 a以上的长效防腐寿命和涂层结合强度高、免维护等特点,因而成为海上钢结构防腐蚀的优选技术方案。还列举了国内外钢结构热喷涂防腐措施的应用实例及相关标准,对加强海上钢结构长效防腐的立法和推广应用提出了看法。     

成矿构造体系对铅锌成矿系统的控制作用——以会泽富锗铅锌矿床为例

会泽铅锌矿是川滇黔铅锌多金属成矿区的超大型矿床之一。以该矿床铅锌成矿系统研究为主线,结合近些年来前人的主要研究成果,深入分析了印支期造山背景对铅锌多金属成矿系统的控制作用,着重讨论了成矿构造体系与成矿系统的成生联系。研究表明,受印支期（成矿期）碰撞造山背景约束,该区发生了斜冲走滑构造作用,形成NE构造带成矿构造体系,为铅锌成矿系统提供了流体“运”移和“储”存条件,构造驱动成矿流体沿会泽矿山厂、麒麟厂断褶带发生大规模“运”移,并与盖层中碳酸盐岩发生水 岩相互作用。深部流体与盆地流体混合、流体不混溶等构造 流体多重耦合作用,使流体物理化学条件改变,导致富矿流体沿三条NE向主断裂上盘背斜的层间压扭性断裂带卸载沉淀,形成NE向延伸、SE倾斜、SW向侧伏延深的雁列式柱状矿体。研究认为,斜冲走滑构造作用形成的成矿构造体系是制约该矿床“大（矿床、矿体规模大）、深（矿体延深大）、强（热液蚀变强）、带（矿物组合分带明显）”特征的主要原因,“多（共伴生元素多）”与成矿流体迁移 聚沉过程中所经过岩石的性质有关。该研究对川滇黔成矿区乃至同类矿床研究和深部勘查具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。     

Influence of two different dietary zinc sources in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae

A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the ef fects of bulk zinc(B-Zn) and zinc nanoparticles(Zn-NPs) on survival, growth, compositions of amino acid and fatty acid, and nonspeci?c immune responses of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae. The B-Zn(size 10 μm)and Zn-NPs(size 50 nm) were supplemented separately with the basal feeds of M. rosenbergii at 60 mg/kg and feed without supplementation of any Zn source was served as a control. M. rosenbergii were fed these feeds for 90 days and the results showed that signi?cant( P <0.05) improvements in survival, growth, feed intake,speci?c growth rate, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, nonspeci?c immune responses(total haemocytes and dif ferential haemocytes count) of M. rosenbergii fed with B-Zn and Zn-NPs supplemented feeds when compared to control. Among these Zn sources, Zn-NPs supplemented feeds fed prawns showed signi?cantly( P <0.05) better performance than that of B-Zn and control. Hence, present study suggests that the 60 mg/kg Zn-NPs can be supplemented with basal feeds of M. rosenbergii for regulating better survival and growth.     

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature, Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bos frontalis)-a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.0 kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P<0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33～46% of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8% of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.     

Bioaccessibility and mobilisation of copper and zinc in estuarine sediment contaminated by antifouling paint particles

Clean estuarine sediment amended with antifouling paint particles has been digested in biologically relevant reagents in order to evaluate the bioaccessibilities of Cu and Zn to deposit feeders in coastal environments where boat maintenance is important. Concentrations of Cu and Zn in the estuarine sediment of about 20 and 70 μg g⁻¹, respectively, increased to about 930 and 330 μg g⁻¹, respectively, on addition of 1.3% of a composite of fractionated paint particles collected from a boat repair facility. Seawater containing the vertebrate bile salt, sodium taurocholate, representative of surfactants in the digestive environment of deposit feeders, mobilised significantly greater quantities of metal (up to about 2 μg g⁻¹ of both Cu and Zn) than seawater alone, presumably through complexation and exchange reactions. Seawater solutions of the protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), a surrogate for proteinaceous material and amino acids encountered in the digestive tract, mobilised even greater quantities of metal (up to about 80 and 40 μg g⁻¹ of Cu and Zn, respectively) via strong complexation, although addition of taurocholate reduced this capacity through interactions between the two reagents. Overall, and through feeding, burrowing and bioirrigation, infaunal invertebrates are predicted to greatly accelerate the rate of mobilisation and local dispersal of metals in sediment contaminated by antifouling paint particles.     

利用混凝沉淀法处理喷粉工艺中的磷化废水

进行了用混凝沉淀法处理喷粉工艺中磷化废水的试验研究。结果表明,在原水中SS为90-400mg/L,COD为150-400mg/L。在水温15℃、pH为9.0-10.0、搅拌时间为3-5min、PAM投加量为5mg/L/CaCl2投加量为200mg/L的条件下,SS和COD的最大去除率可分别达到90%和75%。     

Can the Movements of Barramundi in the Fly River Region, Papua New Guinea be Traced in their Otoliths?

To determine whether the concentrations of heavy metals in fish otoliths could be used to infer the fish's movement into water contaminated by heavy metals, we collected barramundi Lates calcarifer from two sites below the outfall from a large copper mine. It was first demonstrated that otolith Sr concentration could be used to separate the marine and freshwater life phases. Twelve elements were then examined (in particular Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb) in the otoliths by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Cadmium concentrations were rarely above the detection level of the instrument. There were low concentrations of Cu in the otoliths of most fish during the freshwater phase of their life history. Three fish out of 10 had higher levels of Cu at some ablations, coinciding with higher concentrations of both Zn and Pb. However, further analysis found no correlation between the Cu concentration of replicate ablations in the same growth zone to those with initially higher Cu values. Copper concentration in the otoliths did not rise during the period the fish were in freshwater, despite the concentration of dissolved Cu in the water being several times greater than in the lower estuary and adjacent coast.These results and other data from recent studies of heavy metals in fish tissues suggest that very little of the dissolved Cu in the Fly River is in the form of free ions that can be adsorbed across the gills and into the blood and the otoliths. It can be concluded that otoliths are not a good indicator of the history of barramundi movements into water contaminated with heavy metals. Our data support recent studies that suggest that the concentration of many elements, such as Cu, may vary in the endolymph around the otolith and thus may be attached to the calcium-binding proteins that form the matrix around the aragonite. Hence, high concentrations of heavy metals in some ablations may be related to the relative amount of aragonite and protein in each ablation rather than reflect environmental differences.     

铜山岭矿田庵堂岭铅锌矿床地球化学特征分析

铜山岭矿田是湘南多金属矿田之一,庵堂岭铅锌矿床位于铜山岭矿田的北部.矿床的地质地球化学特征反映出成矿元素与岩体关系密切,成矿元素的地球化学行为具有明显的分带性,同时在运移和沉淀的过程中受构造制约.通过对硫、铅同位素特征分析,矿区的成矿物质来源于岩浆热液并具深源性;矿床成因为与深源中酸性岩浆有关的中温热液矿床.