Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature, Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bos frontalis)-a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.0 kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P<0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33～46% of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8% of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.     

综合电法在安徽西湾铅锌矿勘探中的应用

通过在安徽无为西湾地区大量的物探工作,综合物化探及钻探等勘查手段,在庐枞盆地北东缘发现了大型隐伏铅锌矿床。在前人工作的基础上,对西湾铅锌矿16勘探线进行了可控源音频大地电磁测深（CSAMT）和大功率时间域激电测深（TDIP）方法试验,通过数据处理解释与研究,推断含矿有利部位,结合已有钻孔和激电测井数据进行检验,证明在覆盖区找矿工作中可控源音频大地电磁测深和时间域激电测深两种方法组合具有较好的效果。     

内蒙古敖汉旗老西沟多金属矿床技术经济评价

本文是在近期对内蒙古敖汉旗老西沟多金属矿床进行地质勘查后,对该矿床的地质特征、资源储量、开发利用条件及前景等进行了简单的阐述;对该矿床多金属的开发进行了初步的技术经济评价。     

粉末压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铁矿石中锌砷锰

应用X射线荧光光谱仪测定铁矿石中的锌、砷、锰含量,采用粉末压片法制样,并研究了制样的条件,确定了仪器最佳参数,建立了标准曲线。经国家实物标准铁矿石样品验证,测定值与标准值吻合,三元素的偏差均小于±0.007%;精密度试验表明相对标准偏差(n=10)均小于2.80%。大量实验数据表明,压片制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定锌、砷、锰元素的精密度高,准确可靠。该方法在检测准确度和分析速度上可以满足钢厂生产要求。     

焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中的硒

样品经艾斯卡试剂(碳酸钠和氧化锌)半熔法分解,沸水提取,使硒与主量金属元素铜、铅、锌及其他过渡金属和贵金属元素得到分离;滞留在溶液中的干扰元素,通过在酸性介质中加铁盐来掩蔽。采用焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中的硒,干扰少、灵敏度高。确定了最佳条件为盐酸浓度30%,硼氢化钾浓度20 g/L,铁盐浓度1 mg/mL;干扰元素的允许量铜为40 mg/L,铅为8 mg/L,锌为400 mg/L。同时对铜、铅、锌主量金属元素进行分离效率试验,效果好。方法检出限为0.0203μg/g,测定范围为0.15～100μg/g。经全国不同地区7家实验室采用铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石国家标准物质验证,精密度的重复性限和再现性良好,准确度高。建立的方法也适合于土壤及多金属矿物中硒的测定。     

硫酸盐还原菌对热镀锌钢材氢渗透行为的影响

采用Devanathan-Stachurski 双面电解池检测氢渗透电流技术和扫描电镜分析, 研究了热镀锌钢材在灭菌海水、灭菌培养基和接种了硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的培养基等3 种介质中的氢渗透行为。氢渗透电流检测结果表明, 培养基的部分组分对热镀锌钢材的氢渗透行为有促进作用, 试样在灭菌培养基中的氢渗透电流密度的平均值比在灭菌海水中提高了约6 倍。尽管活性SRB 代谢产生的S^2?和HS^?能够促进热镀锌钢材的氢渗透行为, 但是, 由SRB 及其代谢产物和它们所黏附的腐蚀产物所形成的致密微生物膜减少了氢的析出和试样对氢的吸收量, 导致热镀锌钢材氢渗透行为最终被抑制, 因此, 试样在接菌培养基中的氢渗透电流密度的平均值比其在灭菌培养基中降低77%。扫描电镜分析表明, 热镀锌钢材在灭菌海水中能够形成腐蚀产物膜, 而暴露于灭菌培养基中的试样表面未形成明显的腐蚀产物膜, 但在接菌培养基中试样表面能形成黏附了腐蚀产物的致密微生物膜的附着, 表明热镀锌钢材表面的微生物膜与其氢渗透行为之间存在明显的相关性。     

碱性体系—火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜精粉中的银

用HCl-KClO4-HNO3溶解试样,在10％的氨水介质中,用火焰原子吸收光谱仪于波长328.1nm处,以空气-乙炔火焰测定铜精粉中的银量,克服了酸性体系中测定不稳定的缺点.用铜精粉国家标准物质分析验证,测定结果与标值吻合.方法精密度为2.0％～4.1％,方法检出限为1.3ug/g.方法分析快速简单,易于掌握.     

四酸溶样-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铁、铜、锌、铅等硫化物矿石中22个元素

本实验应用四酸(硝酸,盐酸,氢氟酸,高氯酸)混合溶矿,电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)同时测定了铁矿石、铜矿石、铅矿石、锌矿石及多金属矿石样品中Al、Fe、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、Sb、Mn、Ti、Li、Be、Cd、Ag、Co、Ni、Sr、V、Mo和S 22个元素量。实验确定了方法的分解条件以及测定元素的检出限及干扰条件。用国家一级标准物质GBW07162(多金属贫矿石)和GBW07163(多金属矿石)进行精密度实验,统计数据显示,结果精密度(RSD)和准确度(RE)都小于10%,而且大多数元素的精密度和准确度在5%范围内。通过标准物质进行方法验证,非单矿物或精矿的一般硫化物矿石的检测结果基本都在标准值的范围内,符合地质矿产开发的要求。本方法具有同时测定元素多、线性范围宽、检出限低等优点,实际使用性强,结果满意。     

乌兹别克斯坦Uchkulach铅锌矿流体包裹体特征及矿床成因分析

Uchkulach大型铅锌矿床位于乌兹别克斯坦南天山造山带北缘,矿体主要顺层产出于中泥盆统至上泥盆统碳酸盐岩地层中。由于赋矿地层下伏酸性火山岩,该矿床是否和岩浆活动有关仍存在争议。本次在对该矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对矿石样品中重晶石和闪锌矿的流体包裹体以及主要矿物的矿物化学进行分析。结果表明,其均一温度为71～153 ℃,峰值为93～133 ℃,冰点温度在-74～-169 ℃之间,盐度为110%～202%,属于低温中盐度流体,暗示其流体来源为盆地卤水或浓缩的海水。对矿石样品中的方铅矿、闪锌矿和重晶石的电子探针分析结果表明,闪锌矿中铁含量较低(＜6%),指示其形成温度较低。由此推测该矿床属于与盆地流体有关的MVT型铅锌矿床,而非前苏联学者认为的与下伏火山岩有关的火山-沉积型铅锌矿床。     

The Glyde Sub‐basin: A volcaniclastic‐bearing pull‐apart basin coeval with the McArthur River base‐metal deposit,Northern Territory

Sedimentological, geochemical and tectonic studies have been carried out on the Glyde Sub‐basin, a fault‐bounded depocentre adjacent to the margin of the Batten Trough, 80 km south of the HYC Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore deposit, in the mid‐Proterozoic McArthur Basin. Although it is unmineralized, the basin is, in some aspects, morphologically similar to the HYC Sub‐basin and provides an insight into processes which occurred coevally along strike from a giant shale‐hosted base‐metal deposit. The geometry of the sub‐basin supports an origin in a releasing bend of the Emu Fault during oblique right‐lateral extension of the Emu Fault Zone, resulting in the deposition of a very thick sequence of below wave‐base Barney Creek Formation carbonaceous siltstone. Prior to sub‐basin development the area was covered by hypersaline carbonate tidal flats of the Coxco Dolomite Member of the Teena Dolomite.

Internal syn‐sedimentary normal faulting fractured the sub‐basin into seven major blocks, establishing a basic geometry of northern and southern depressions, into which the W‐Fold and HYC Pyritic Shale Members were successively deposited, separated by a non‐depositional horst. During the subsequent deposition of undivided Barney Creek Formation the horst was submerged and greater water circulation was established. The horst continued to be an east‐west barrier to clastic and volcaniclastic gravity flows, evidenced by the confinement to the northern depocentre of prograding easterly‐derived carbonate‐dominated turbidites.

Rhyolitic volcanism in the Glyde Sub‐basin commenced in the W‐Fold Shale Member, and became common in the overlying Barney Creek Formation. The measurable volcanic component increases from 4.4 to 17.5% of the total sediment package southwards over 18 km, implying a southern rhyolitic source within 6–30 km. A geochemical comparison of these relatively unaltered tuffs with those intercalated in the HYC ore sequence identified a comagmatic relationship on the basis of immobile element contents, supporting a common volcanic source. This conclusion was only possible after a preliminary study found Ti, Zr, Y and Nb to be relatively immobile in the severely potassium‐altered tuff of the HYC hydrothermal ore environment. Low‐grade (as distinct from high temperature hydrothermal) potassium‐alteration of felsic tuff throughout the McArthur Basin may have resulted from diagenetic interaction with very evolved lacustrine saline brines, whereas brines in the diagenetic environment of the Glyde Sub‐basin, in which unaltered or sodically‐altered tuff predominates, were comparatively less evolved.