Highway Roadway Stability Influenced by Warm Permafrost and Seasonal Frost Action: A Case Study from Glennallen, Alaska, USA

Ground temperatures from four of the seven extensively studied highway cross-sections near Gulkana/Glennallen,Alaska during 1954~1962,were chosen to better understand the impacts of highway construction on warm permafrost.Both the thawing of permafrost and seasonal frost action impacted on road surface stability for about 6 years until the maximum summer thaw reached about 3 m in depth.Seasonal frost action caused most of the ensuing stability problems.Unusually warm summers and the lengths of time required to re-freeze the active layer were far more important than the average annual air temperatures in determining the temperatures of the underlying shallow permafrost,or the development of taliks.The hypothesized climate warming would slightly and gradually deepen the active layer and the developed under-lying talik,but its effect would be obscured by unusually warm summers,by warmer than usual winters,and by the vari-able lengths of time of the zero curtains.At least one period of climate mini-cooling in the deeper permafrost during the early 20th century was noted.     

“等电位”钻进与“零电位”钻井液初探

对“等电位”钻进技术概念和“零电位”钻井液技术概念做了介绍。“等电位”钻进概念认为岩石表面的zeta电位为零,即等电位（ IEP）状态时,能够提高钻进速度和延长钻头寿命,从而提高钻进效率。“零电位”钻井液则是将目前使用的zeta电位（-40～-35 mv）的钠基膨润土变为“零电位”（-5～＋5 mv）的膨润土,改钻井液的“阴离子悬浮体系（ζ电位＞-45 mv）”为“阳离子悬浮体系（ zeta电位接近零电位）”,再将其它阴离子型的处理剂如降滤失剂、提粘剂等改变为阳离子型或非离子型,配成具有相应性能的钻井液。钻进试验表明,“等电位”钻进和“零电位”钻井液可有效提高钻进效率。提出了几点开展相关研究的认识。     

叠前时间偏移成像技术及其应用

零炮检距剖面是地震反射成像过程中的重要成果。通过弯曲反射界面模型,分析了共中心点(CMP)道集与共反射点(CRP)道集的差别,认为当反射界面倾斜时,常规处理中的CMP叠加不能得到准确的零偏移距剖面,而沿CRP道集叠加的叠前时间偏移能得到准确的零偏移距剖面,另外,还介绍了叠前时间偏移的实现方法和步骤,包括预处理、偏移速度场的建立和偏移后CRP道集的处理等,并结合实际资料进行了效果分析。     

双多普勒雷达观测在一次雹云结构中的应用北大核心

利用常州站和泰州站双多普勒天气雷达探测数据,结合常规观测资料和ERA5再分析资料,综合分析了2019年7月6日一次强对流天气过程的天气形势、雷达回波强度演变特征和双多普勒雷达反演的三维流场信息。重点利用双多普勒雷达径向速度资料反演出格点流场,并结合回波特征分析雹云的结构。结果表明:强对流天气过程中,江苏受高空冷涡影响,在高空冷槽、高空急流、低层切变线和地面辐合线的配置条件下,形成了上干冷、下暖湿的层结不稳定结构。本次过程中,雹云不仅具有典型的强对流单体雷达回波特征,在中层强回波中心处,还有明显的“S”型水平流场结构。雹云的低层,是明显的辐合与旋转配置的水平流场。深厚的零线结构是成雹的典型特征。