Estimation of seismic drift and ductility demands in planar regular X‐braced steel frames

This paper summarizes the results of an extensive study on the inelastic seismic response of X‐braced steel buildings. More than 100 regular multi‐storey tension‐compression X‐braced steel frames are subjected to an ensemble of 30 ordinary (i.e. without near fault effects) ground motions. The records are scaled to different intensities in order to drive the structures to different levels of inelastic deformation. The statistical analysis of the created response databank indicates that the number of stories, period of vibration, brace slenderness ratio and column stiffness strongly influence the amplitude and heightwise distribution of inelastic deformation. Nonlinear regression analysis is employed in order to derive simple formulae which reflect the aforementioned influences and offer a direct estimation of drift and ductility demands. The uncertainty of this estimation due to the record‐to‐record variability is discussed in detail. More specifically, given the strength (or behaviour) reduction factor, the proposed formulae provide reliable estimates of the maximum roof displacement, the maximum interstorey drift ratio and the maximum cyclic ductility of the diagonals along the height of the structure. The strength reduction factor refers to the point of the first buckling of the diagonals in the building and thus, pushover analysis and estimation of the overstrength factor are not required. This design‐oriented feature enables both the rapid seismic assessment of existing structures and the direct deformation‐controlled seismic design of new ones. A comparison of the proposed method with the procedures adopted in current seismic design codes reveals the accuracy and efficiency of the former. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

InSAR干涉图的零中频矢量滤波算法

提出一合成孔径雷达干涉测量干涉图的滤波方法。该方法引入无线电技术中的零中频技术,将干涉图由高的中心频率变为零中频信号,再将信号分解至矢量空间中的两路正交信号,得到正弦支路信号和余弦支路信号,并分别进行低通滤波处理,最后根据滤波后的两路正交信号计算出滤波后的零中频干涉图,并恢复干涉图的原始频率,得到原始干涉图的滤波结果。实验结果表明:该方法滤波效果较好,能够解决干涉图条纹密集时滤波处理困难、效果较差的问题。     

原子钟时域频率稳定性影响因素分析

为了明确地分析原子钟的时域频率稳定性特性，本文在给出各种方差估计式的基础上，分析了影响原子钟时域稳定性的主要因素，如能量谱噪声、频率漂移、无数据段以及周期变化分量等，并给出了相应的改正方法。     

塔院井数字化水位观测中的零漂问题

通过对塔院井数字化水位观测系统的校测，揭示出水位观测中的仪器零漂现象，分析了零漂的特征，提出了解决零漂问题的对策。     

渤海湾北部地区冰雹天气分型及预报方法研究

利用常规观测和区域自动气象站资料，对2000-2016年渤海湾北部地区5～11月出现的32次冰雹过程进行天气学分型，对比不同类型冰雹天气得环境参数特征，得出相应的预报方法。结果表明：渤海湾北部地区冰雹主要分为高空干冷气流强迫型及斜压锋生型。前者由对流层中高层的干冷平流强迫，配合中尺度低压及地面辐合线，午后近地面的太阳辐射加热起到关键作用（简称干冷强迫型）；后者主要发生于低涡槽前的锋面气旋冷锋附近，锋面动力强迫是此类冰雹的主要触发机制（简称锋生型）。干冷强迫型较锋生型表现出更强的静力不稳定层结、更大的风向垂直切变、相对较低的低层湿度和0℃、-20℃层高度。渤海湾北部地区降雹多发生于东北冷涡天气背景之下，湿度条件高于西北地区低于中东部地区，层结不稳定度高于中东部地区低于西北地区。除中低层温度直减率、中层干层、低层湿层及深层垂直风切变等常用指标外，本文发现湿球0℃层高度及逆温层高度对渤海湾北部地区冰雹天气发生有着较好的指示意义。选取以上预报因子，运用指标叠套法对2017、2018年5～11月进行冰雹潜势预报，降雹过程无漏报，TS评分高于国家级强对流主观预报。     

面内云纹分析应变符号判断的两种新方法

提出了面内云纹法应变符号判断的两种新方法－零级法、同级法。零级法是根据零级云纹所处云纹图的特殊位置，如一角、一端来判断应变符号的方法；同级法是根据相同级数云纹间所夹云纹即为αｕ／αｘ，αｕ／αｙ（αｖ／αｘ，αｖ／αｙ）都为零的线来判断应变符号的一种方法。这两种方法分别在纯剪切和山字型构造应变分析中得到成功的应用。     

基于“零值切片”的地震沉积学储层描述技术

正常规储层预测方法利用地震资料反演结果或振幅类属性开展储层预测,受限于地震资料分辨率,其纵向薄砂层分辨能力及横向砂体展布规律的预测精度较低。地震沉积学利用地震资料在空间上的广度优势,将得到的地球物理信息转化为地质信息,提高薄储层预测精度。地层特征切片的选取是地震沉积学储层预测的关键。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地表输沙方向探测研究

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地2008年3月—2018年2月实时探测的近地表沙粒运动数据,结合同步观测的气象和土壤等环境数据,分析了该地区近地表输沙方向特征,并基于输沙方向的观测事实,评估了几起沙风风向和输沙势为指标判定输沙方向方法的不确定性。结果表明:(1)塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近10 a间累计发生风沙活动3 609.8 h,约占总观测时长的4.1%,春、夏、秋、冬起沙时长分别占总起沙时长的39.2%、45.1%、11.8%和3.8%;(2)起沙时风向主要为N-ESE 6组风向,占总起沙时长的68.8%;(3)利用起沙风风向确定的各方向起沙时长百分比分布与实测结果基本一致,二者相关系数r为0.94,各方向的输沙势百分比与起沙颗粒数二者的相关性较好,相关系数r为0.84～0.93。上述研究结果表明起沙风风向适合判定各方向起沙时长百分比;如果考虑起沙风风速变化,输沙势与各方向的输沙量百分比则更加一致。     

等深流沉积研究进展

等深流沉积研究已有约50年的历史,其研究成果极为丰富。近10余年,随着科学技术的发展和海洋意识的提高,等深流沉积研究工作开展迅速,涌现出了大量的新成果。简要回顾了等深流沉积研究的历程,结合最新研究成果,对其进展及认识进行了总结。等深流沉积以细粒沉积为主,沉积构造及生物扰动发育,多呈细-粗-细沉积序列。其类型可分为长条形丘状漂积体、水道型漂积体、补丁型漂积体等7类。沉积模式根据地形、水动力、路径等可分为简单路径模式、复杂路径模式以及等深流与重力流交互作用模式。等深流与重力流交互作用是深水沉积研究热点之一。等深流沉积研究面临的问题及发展方向主要有三方面,即,1）完善识别标志,推广研究成果;2）综合运用多种手段和理论,探讨沉积过程与构造演化、古海洋及气候变化的耦合关系;3）加大油气勘探潜力研究力度。     

Underwater spreading and surface drifting of oil spilled from a submarine pipeline under the combined action of wave and current

Tremendous economic loss and environmental damages are caused by oil-spilling accidents in sea. Accurate prediction of the underwater spreading and surface drifting of oil spills is important for the emergency response. In the present study, numerical investigation on the underwater spread and surface drift of oil spilled from a submarine pipeline under the combined action of wave and current was carried out to examine the effects of physical ocean environment, leaking flux and spilled oil density and viscosity. Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, realizable k-ε turbulence model and volume of fluid (VOF) model are employed to describe the multiphase flow, and velocity-boundary wave-making technique combined with the sponge layer damping absorber technique realizes the numerical wave flume. Oil spill experiments were conducted to validate the numerical model. The calculation results indicate that compared with the environmental conditions of still water, only current and only wave, a larger scope of underwater spreading and relatively slower rising rate and relatively faster drifting rate of oil droplets are observed under the combined action of wave and current. The leaking flux affects the floating time and dispersion concentration, while the ocean environment affects the horizontal migration and surface drifting. Under the specific conditions of present work, oil density has obvious effect on the underwater spread but limited effect on the surface drifting, while oil viscosity has little effect on both the two processes.