渤海三维潮余流的数值计算(英文)

作者根据冯士筰的三维弱非线性理论,计算了渤海三维潮致拉格朗日余流,其中包括由冯等人引进的作为二阶量的拉格朗日漂移椭圆。文中不仅给出了三维结果,也给出了深度平均的结果,最后还与实际图象进行了比较。     

渤海三维污染物迁移轨迹的数值计算

根据一种三维潮致拉格朗日余流的弱非线性理论,考虑单一频率潮波系统,在零阶天文潮和一阶拉格朗日余流数值计算的基础上,计算了二阶拉格朗日余流,然后对8个具有代表性的标识质点运动轨迹进行了数值跟踪。对水平及垂直运动性质进行了分析,并用卫片资料对结果进行了验证。提出一些有启发性的初步结果。     

Residual Currents Through the Dover Strait Measured by H.F. Radar

Residual (i.e. non-tidal) components of flow in the Dover Straits are determined from measurements recorded by the OSCR H.F. Radar system. The data are divided into 10 monthly sets, obtained from 5 months of dual radar deployments on the English side of the Straits and a corresponding 5 months from the French side. For each of these sets the tidal component was removed by subtracting constituents derived from separate (monthly) harmonic analyses.In each deployment, surface currents were measured at 700 locations at 20-min intervals, providing spatial resolution on a grid as fine as 660 m. This fine spatial resolution reveals distinct patterns of monthly-mean residual circulations never previously recognized. In particular, a residual gyre is shown to be a dominating feature along the French side, with currents exceeding 20 cm s^-1 and a diameter of 20 km. The previous obscurity of this feature may be attributable to the large (> 1·5 m s^-1) and strongly spatially variable tidal currents. In these conditions, tidal advection will rapidly smear any surface signature obtained from satellite observations. Likewise, fine resolution (grid spacings of an order of 1 km) is required to reproduce these gyre dynamics in numerical models.The time-varying residual currents were correlated with wind recordings. Significant correlations were obtained for an 'open-sea' response (as represented by Ekman theory), with the wind-driven surface current veering at angles of up to 45° to the right of the wind direction. This 'open-sea' response is modified close to the coast where the generation of surface gradients force the currents to align with the topography.Larger-scale residual motions were identified from modal analyses. The primary modes, on both sides, involved large-scale flows through the Straits partially correlated with local winds. However for winds aligned approximately north-south, the components of these flows on the English and French sides are in opposition. These modes also revealed large oscillatory motions with periods of between 20 and 40 h.Estimates of net residual flows through the Straits from the radar measurements confirm earlier calculations of the range of variability in this parameter. However the increasing complexity of the flow patterns revealed in this study emphasizes the difficulty in quantifying the long-term net flow.     

Assessment of the effect of mooring systems on the horizontal motions with an equivalent force to model

The present work was carried out to assess the performance of an equivalent force model for the rapid analysis of mooring lines subject to horizontal motions. The verification is performed for cases of practical interest. Due to the very distinct behaviour of slack, moderately slack and taught moorings, these are analysed separately and the variation in the model coefficients is justified. It is shown that the methodology provides reasonable estimates of the mooring line behaviour. The final equation is very simple to introduce into a vessel motion program and is also thought to be useful in controller design or stability analysis.     

Remotely sensing in detecting the water depths and bed load of shallow waters and their changes

Bed load is a type of sand drift and accumulation on the sea-bed. Sand drift is a very important index to survey the erosion or deposition of coastal zone. The change of water depths indicates the change of bed load in shallow waters. The conventional method for measuring water depth uses the shipboard echo sounder, which is accurate for point-measurement, but is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task. For periodic survey of bathymetry as synoptic scale, the remote sensing method may be a viable alternative. Wave spectrum bathymetric (WSB) method takes advantages of remote sensing to obtain the bathymetry of shallow waters safely, economically and quickly. The WSB method is feasible to detect the change of water depths over coastal zones where water depths are less than about 12 m. This remote sensing method is worthy to be well developed and efficiently applied to change detection of water depths and bed load in shallow waters.     

Contourite drift construction influenced by capture of Mediterranean Outflow Water deep-sea current by the Portimão submarine canyon (Gulf of Cadiz, South Portugal)

The margin of the Gulf of Cadiz is swept by the deep current formed by the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) flowing from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. On the northern margin of the Gulf (Algarve Margin, South Portugal), the MOW intensity is low and fine-grained contourite drifts are built up with an alongslope development. From new sedimentological data, this study emphasizes the presence of two types of contourite drifts separated only by a deep submarine canyon incising the slope with a north-south orientation (Portimão Canyon). High-resolution seismic and bathymetry interpretation shows that on the eastern side of the canyon, the MOW forms a thick and large detached drift (Albufeira Drift) prograding toward both north and west, as shown in seismic profiles, with a high sedimentation rate. On this side of the canyon, the MOW intensity is high enough to erode the slope forming a moat channel (Alvarez Cabral). On the western side of Portimão Canyon, the MOW energy is lower, preventing moat channel erosion. Only flat and thin drift develops (Portimão and Lagos Drifts) with slow aggradation and a low sedimentation rate. This difference in drift development is due to the presence of the canyon which generates an important change in hydrodynamic of the MOW, confirmed by temperature-density measurements showing that MOW flows down Portimão Canyon. The canyon is responsible for the deviation of the direction of the MOW as it partly catches the deep-sea current flowing westward (i.e. capture phenomenon). It creates, thus, a decrease of the flow energy, competency and capacity between the east and west sides of the canyon. Through this phenomenon of MOW deep-sea current capture, the canyon constitutes a morphologic feature generating an important change in the contourite deposition pattern.In addition to already known climatic and oceanographic influences, our results show the role of canyons on contourite drift building. This study provides new elements on autocyclic factors influencing the contourite sedimentation, which are important to consider in future sedimentary paleo-reconstruction interpretations.     

渤海溢油数值预报研究

以溢油漂移扩散模式为核心,采用"油粒子"方法来模拟溢油在海洋环境中的漂移扩散行为,与业务化渤海三维海洋数值预报模式、中尺度海洋风场数值预报模式相衔接,获得海流、海面风场等海洋环境预报产品作为溢油模式的外强迫,建立了渤海溢油数值预报系统.本文简要介绍了该系统的组成、运行机制和模拟试验情况,并讨论了建立我国全海域溢油预报系统的有关问题.     

Exploring the possibilities for star-tracker assisted calibration of the six individual GOCE accelerometers

A method has been developed and tested for estimating calibration parameters for the six accelerometers on board the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) from star tracker observations. These six accelerometers are part of the gradiometer, which is the prime instrument on board GOCE. It will be shown that by taking appropriate combinations of observations collected by the accelerometers, by modeling acceleration terms caused by gravity gradients from an a priori low-degree spherical harmonic expansion, and by modeling rotational acceleration terms derived from star-tracker observations, scale factors of each of the accelerometers can be estimated for each axis. Simulated observations from a so-called end-to-end simulator were used to test the method. This end-to-end simulator includes a detailed model of the GOCE satellite, its instruments and instrument errors, and its environment. Results of the tests indicate that scale factors of all six accelerometers can be determined with an accuracy of around 0.01 for all components on a daily basis.     

水平摆倾斜仪的便携式石英系统

介绍一种可以携整体更换的水平摆倾斜仪的石英系统，便于台站对损坏的ＳＱ、ＳＳＱ型倾斜仪摆系的修复。此外，还介绍了摆的悬挂点和摆的初始平衡位置对仪器稳定性的作用。     

抽水对蓟县台形变观测的干扰机理研究

就蓟县台小辛庄山洞形变的抽水干扰，在抽水实验的基础上，研究了抽水干扰的机理及其规律，为形变台站减小抽水干扰的影响提出了可行性建议。