The decomposition and simulation of the longitudinal circulation in a coastal lagoon

Current measurements during a 32-day study period in late spring, 1977, are used to quantify the magnitude and relative importance of tidal and wind-driven motion in the interior of the Indian River lagoon, on the Atlantic coast of Florida. Harmonic analysis of the total longitudinal flow along the axis of the lagoon isolates the tidal component of the current; non-tidal flow is revealed by subtracting the tidal current from the total current, and making corrections for non-linear relationships between the current and both surface wind stress and bottom friction. A one-layer, one-dimensional model is developed to simulate wind drift. A quadratic bottom friction term with a drag coefficient of 15 × 10^?3 gives results which compare most favourably with observations. Results indicate that tidal forcing explains approximately 45% of the total variance at the study site, 25 km from the nearest inlet. Local wind forcing accounts for 44% of the non-tidal flow. The remainder of the variance is attributed to freshwater outflow through the lagoon and non-local forcing.     

机载合成孔径雷达图像几何纠正方法研究

机载合成孔径雷达图像几何处理是机载合成孔径雷达图像后续处理的基础,同时也是机载合成孔径雷达大规模测绘应用的基础。本文根据机载合成孔径雷达图像的成像机理,基于距离多普勒模型,考虑到合成孔径雷达成像时斜视角与多普勒频率的关系,在影像纠正时,将斜视角作为一个变量处理来减小雷达成像时零多普勒误差的影响。试验证明,此种方法比将斜视角作为零处理时的纠正精度有明显提高。详细地分析了利用此方法进行几何纠正时控制点的个数和分布对纠正精度的影响。     

Numerical Modeling of the Effect of Mantle Plume on Continental Drift: Revelation of the Rapid Drift of the Indian Tectonic Plate in Late CretaceousEI北大核心CSCD

Numerical modeling is used to investigate the interaction between mantle plume and continental lithosphere, especially the effect of the continental lithosphere structure, the scale and position of mantle plume on the rate of continental drift. Numerical results show that, under the effect of mantle plume, the existence of a thick root of the continental lithosphere affects the rate of continental drift. Moreover, under identical scale of mantle plume, the drift rate decreases with increasing thickness of the root. Besides, the velocity and distance of a continental plate drift are negatively correlated in scale of the continental lithosphere, but correlated with the scale of the mantle plume. For the model without lithospheric root, the mantle plume has a more appreciable impact on the plate drift rate when it comes closer to edge of the continental plate. Our models show that mantle plume can accelerate the continental drift by more than 10 cm/a. The modelling results can provide significant dynamical constraint and geological enlightenment. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

从南大西洋裂解过程解密大陆漂移的驱动力

南大西洋裂解造成的非洲和南美洲的大陆分离到了广泛认可,该区域也与大陆漂移学说的诞生密切相关。但大陆漂移的驱动力从其提出至今一直存在争议,定量化分析大西洋裂解过程中板块运动的驱动力显得尤为重要。我们研究了南大西洋两侧被动大陆边缘盆地区域的两条深反射地震勘探剖面,在构造地质解译基础上,详细估算了非洲大陆的莫霍面倾角,得到了沿莫霍面地壳重力滑移剪切力的大小,用于解释大西洋裂解过程中非洲大陆运动的动力机制。结果说明,非洲大陆板块在地幔上涌形成的倾斜界面上能够产生强大的重力滑移力,且南部驱动力大于中部。大陆板块依靠连续的地幔热上涌和重力滑移力会持续漂移。该模型能够合理解释大西洋上诸多线状分布的大陆残片的成因机制,也能合理解释南大西洋南部宽度大于中部的内在原因,最后对南大西洋的打开过程进行了精细的构造演化史恢复。该研究为板块运动提供了一个新的动力模式,为认识板块运动驱动力提供了更为精确的约束信息。     

钢框架内填竖缝RC墙结构的性态指标

为研究钢框架内填竖缝RC墙结构（Steel frame with slit RC wall,简称"SRCW"）在不同地震水平下的性态指标,结合我国现行抗震规范,对已完成的8榀SRCW试验数据进行了统计分析,基于修正的Park-Ang模型及损伤指数与性态指标的对应关系,提出了以层间位移角表征的SRCW结构的性态指标矩阵。分析结果表明:SRCW结构在显著屈服和倒塌时的层间位移角均值分别为0.63%和2.36%。SRCW结构在正常使用、基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏和倒塌状态下的层间位移角限值分别为1/170、1/130、1/100、1/70、1/50和1/40,研究成果可为SRCW结构开展基于性态的抗震设计及地震易损性分析提供参考。     

L波段分钟数据在WRF模式中的变分同化应用试验

为探讨蕴含气球漂移信息的高垂直分辨率L波段分钟探空数据在同化预报中的应用及影响,在初步讨论其基本特征的基础上,采用廓线和逐点两种同化方式,开展单站、降水个例及批量分钟探空同化试验,并与常规探空同化试验对比,得到以下主要结论:分钟数据可补充常规探空无法解析的垂直信息并提供气球漂移精确定位数据;同化分钟探空可有效增加观测在分析中的权重,使分析场更接近实况,逐点较廓线同化的结果差异主要在对流层上层;同化整个预报区域的分钟数据对模式的分析和预报性能有一定影响,漂移造成的风场同化差异在200 hPa及我国北方高空急流位置更明显;整体而言同化分钟数据可一定程度提升模式初始场(高层风场和低层水汽场)品质,主要改善对流层高空风和大量级降水预报性能.     

巴丹吉林沙漠北缘沙尘天气过程中近地面气象要素变化及风沙流结构分析

提要：利用2013年春季在巴丹吉林沙漠北缘拐子湖地区的沙尘暴加强观测资料,对比分析该地区典型流动沙面晴天、扬沙和沙尘暴三种天气背景下各气象要素的变化特征及差异,同时对沙尘暴过程中近地层风沙活动特征进行分析。结果表明,随风速增加沙尘天气强度逐步提升且沙尘天气来临前风速、风向均表现出明显的调整现象,此后爆发过程中风速、风向相对稳定。随沙尘天气强度的增加气温逐渐减小且沙尘天气过程中地面呈利于沙尘起动的暖干状态,同时地面气压不断升高。悬浮的沙尘会导致拐子湖流动沙地各层地温有减小趋势,但减小程度相对较弱,使沙尘天气下各层地温仍保持良好的梯度变化和正弦型日变化趋势。拐子湖流沙地春季起沙风速为6.5m/s,输沙通量垂直分布状况在20cm左右具有明显的分段现象。地表100cm内总输沙量的50%和90%分别集中在地表20cm和56cm高度以内。观测期间整个5月地表0～100cm高度内的输沙通量为420.96kg/m。     

使用JJQ1型信号模拟器校准数据采集器问题分析

JJQ1型信号模拟器是中国气象局下发到各省的功能较为完善的自动气象站信号模拟器,从配发各省至今已有3年的时间了,尚没有省份使用该信号模拟器正式开展采集器校准工作,导致这种情况的原因是多方面的:包括校准使用的软件不合理、各通道(尤其是模拟信号通道)之间会产生信号干扰导致校准工作耗时长效率低、模拟信号随环境温度漂移大、不能兼容多数常用的数据采集器等。通过理论及试验测试分析了以上的问题,给该信号模拟器使用者和设计研发人员提出了建议和意见。     

全球Stokes 漂流的时空分布特征研究

利用海浪模式WWIII(Wave Watch III)2008年的模拟结果对海面Stokes漂流、Stokes输运、Stokes深度以及全球Langmuir数的年平均分布特征和季节平均分布特征分别进行了详细的研究与分析。结果表明,海面Stokes漂流和Stokes输运均呈现高纬度偏大的特征,以南极绕极流海域最为突出。全球大部分海域Stokes漂流影响深度在20 m以内,呈现大洋东部偏大,西部偏小的分布特征。全球大部分海域的混合作用是剪切不稳定性和Langmuir湍效应并存的状态,甚至有些海域是以Langmuir湍效应为主。因此,在进行大尺度的海洋数值模拟时,应该考虑波浪导致的混合效应。     

Sedentary urchins influence benthic community composition below the macroalgal zone

Sea urchins are important ecosystem engineers in subtidal ecosystems worldwide, providing biogenic structure and altering nutrient dynamics through intensive grazing and drift algal capture. The current work evaluates red urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) density on fixed transects through time, individual displacement, and urchin‐associated benthic community composition using a field‐based approach at multiple depths (in and outside of the macroalgal zone) and replicated across sites in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Urchins exhibited no large‐scale, temporal or directional changes in density among depths. Furthermore, 87% of individual urchins observed in repeated small‐scale surveys over 3 weeks exhibited no change in position. Individual displacement was negatively correlated to drift algal capture. Evidence of sedentary behavior from the displacement surveys was supported by the sessile and mobile community composition in areas directly under versus adjacent to (control) urchins. The benthos under urchins had a higher percentage of bare space, crustose coralline algae, and increased density of snails, crabs and shrimp relative to associated control plots. Abundance of mobile organisms associating with urchins increased relative to control plots at the deepest survey depth (30 m), indicating a greater strength of interaction with distance from macroalgal production. This work presents evidence of food availability‐related behavior in red urchins and indicates that even when sedentary, urchins have a strong influence on ecosystem structure through increasing availability of shelter and macroalgal detritus to the benthos.