西伯利亚板块旋转漂移运动刍议

西伯利亚板块是世界上古老的地质构造单元之一。根据板块构造理论，该板块当今的地表形态和地理位置，是其经过不断迁移，与其它板块不断发生碰撞的结果。本文试从展现板块的水平运动特点出发，着重揭示西伯利亚板块在各地质时期的运动状态，从而阐述该板块自寒武纪以来的旋转漂移的全过程。     

Analysis of nonintrinsic spatial variability by residual kriging with application to regional groundwater levels

A method for obtaining pointwise or spatially averaged estimates of a nonintrinsic function is introduced based on residual kriging. The method relies on a stepwise iterative regression process for simultaneously estimating the global drift and residual semivariogram. Estimates of the function are then obtained by solving a modified set of simple kriging equations written for the residuals. The modification consists of replacing the true variogram in the kriging equations by the variogram of the residual estimates as obtained from the iterative regression process. The method is illustrated by considering groundwater levels in an Arizona aquifer. The results are compared with those obtained for the aquifer by the generalized covariance package BLUEPACK-3D.     

LONG VALID TIME ENERGY PERFECT CONSERVATIVE FIDELITY SPECTRAL SCHEMES OF BAROTROPIC PRIMITIVE EQUATIONS

In accordance with a new compensation principle of discrete computations,the traditional meteo-rological global (pseudo-) spectral schemes of barotropic primitive equation (s) are transformed intoperfect energy conservative fidelity schemes,thus resolving the problems of both nonlinear computa-tional instability and incomplete energy conservation,and raising the computational efficiency of thetraditional schemes.As the numerical tests of the new schemes demonstrate,in solving the problem of energy conser-vation in operational computations,the new schemes can eliminate the (nonlinear) computational in-stability and,to some extent even the (nonlinear) computational diverging as found in the traditionalschemes,Further contrasts between new and traditional schemes also indicate that,in discrete opera-tional computations,the new scheme in the case of nondivergence is capable of prolonging the valid in-tegral time of the corresponding traditional scheme,and eliminating certain kind of systematical com-putational“climate drift”,meanwhile increasing its computational accuracy and reducing its amount ofcomputation.The working principle of this paper is also applicable to the problem concerning baroclin-ic primitive equations.     

Dynamical Implications of Block Averaging

We show that traditional Reynolds (block) averaging produces turbulence statistics whose time evolution is incompatible with the Navier–Stokes equation. Specifically, the zero integral scale that block averaging always produces leads to a trivial (zero-equals-zero) solution of the Navier–Stokes equation for autocovariances. We suggest alternative methods for analyzing turbulence time series that do not always generate a zero integral scale and, as a result, yield autocovariances whose time evolutions are compatible with the Navier–Stokes equation.     

Morphodynamic relationships for ebb and flood delta volumes at Florida’s tidal entrances

Tidal entrances constitute an important boundary condition for the coastal ocean regime. Based on data from 67 sandy entrances in Florida, morphodynamic relationships between tidal prism, entrance throat area, and ebb and flood delta volumes are revisited. The main source of sand in these deltas is the littoral zone as opposed to the river. It is found that, as a rule of thumb, the volume of a mature ebb delta is equal to one fifth of the prism at the spring range of tide. Data for the coasts of Florida taken together indicate that the volume of mature flood delta varies with one third power of the prism. The Atlantic Coast flood delta volumes by themselves do not show any correlation with the prism, presumably because entrance depths have been altered by dredging. A case study of the closure of a land barrier breach at Matanzas Inlet illustrates the application of the derived morphodynamic relationships between prism, throat area, and ebb delta volume. These relationships are useful for prediction of changes in the throat area and the ebb delta volume when morphologic changes occur over time scales consistent with the reestablishment of equilibrium.Responsible Editor: Alejandro Souza     

Optimal design of supplemental viscous dampers for linear framed structures

A methodology for the optimal design of supplemental viscous dampers for framed structures is presented. It addresses the problem of minimizing the added damping subject to a constraint on the maximal interstorey angular drift for an ensemble of realistic ground motion records while assuming linear behaviour of the damped structure. The solution is achieved by actually solving an equivalent optimization problem of minimizing the added damping subject to a constraint on a maximal weighted integral on the squared angular drift. The computational effort is appreciably reduced by first using one ‘active’ ground motion record. If the resulting optimal design fails to satisfy the constraints for other ground motions from the original ensemble, additional ground motions (loading conditions) are added one by one to the ‘active’ set until the optimum is reached. An efficient selecting process which is presented herein will usually require one or two records to attain an optimum design. Examples of optimal designs of supplemental dampers are presented for a 2‐storey shear frame and a 10‐storey industrial frame. The 2‐storey shear frame is required to withstand one given ground motion whereas the 10‐storey frame is required to withstand an ensemble of twenty ground motions. The resulting viscously damped structures have envelope values of interstorey drifts equal or less than the target drifts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三线阵测绘卫星的偏流角改正问题

简要介绍了三线阵测绘卫星的基本工作原理,分析了偏流角产生的原因及其对三线阵相机立体摄影覆盖的影响,提出了采用对卫星进行偏航姿态控制以改正偏流角的策略,给出了对卫星姿态控制系统偏流角改正的控制精度要求,并对偏流角改正的有效性进行了评估。     

试论地球莫霍球面体形状的变化

作者认为地球莫霍球面体形状经历了一个从6.5亿年的"倒梨形体"到2.5亿年的"哑铃形体"再到现在的"正梨形体"的演变;提出了地旋幔流——大陆被动漂移的观点,认为自6.5亿年以来,由于地球旋转方向变化和地球自转速率减慢等因素的影响,地幔发生了大规模由北向南、自西向东的幔流运动,从而使地球莫霍球面体发生由"倒梨形体"向"正梨形体"的变化。     

小波分析在高分辨率层序地层研究中的应用

为了研究测井曲线小波变换用于高分辨率层序地层研究的方法效果，从小波系数模极值点、过零点与信号突变点数学关系出发，分析高分辨率层序地层研究对测井曲线划分不同级别层序的要求，探讨了测井小波变换最佳分解级次和适于测井曲线分层的小波函数选择，以一取心率高钻孔为例，用2种小波函数对4种测井曲线进行小波变换和高分辨率地层界面解译。研究表明，选择恰当窗宽小波函数决定测井曲线小波分层精度，测井数据sym6小波分解的小层界面划分效果要稍好于db4小波；GR、RT曲线正则性小波分解可以很好地满足高分辨率层序地层划分要求；测井曲线小波分层结果与岩心分析结果一致性好。     

Data manipulation in cluster analysis and the concept of zero presence

A zero presence results from mathematical manipulation of a zero datum due to centering and normalizing the data for each site. Ecologically it can be interpreted as having the same importance as any other presence, where any presence results from the interaction of environmental factors.