波浪场中浓度输移扩散Stokes漂移效应的欧拉描述

为了说明波浪场中浓度输移扩散Stokes漂移效应的欧拉描述方法,采用欧拉方法推导了波浪场中波浪周期平均的浓度输移扩散方程,其对流项是由波浪速度的波动和物质浓度的波动相互作用而产生,所含的对流速度恰是Stokes漂移速度。由此说明,波浪场中浓度扩散问题的Stokes漂移效应可以自动的由欧拉法来考虑,所得到的Stokes漂移效应与拉格朗日描述的结果是等价的。为了进一步说明这一问题,将粒子追踪法的拉格朗日描述的Stokes漂移速度与欧拉法的结果进行了对比,二者是一致的。研究中也数值求解了线性波浪场中σ坐标下浓度扩散方程,将浓度的Stokes漂移、浓度分布和粒子追踪法的结果进行了对比,以证明欧拉描述和拉格朗日描述两种方法的等价性。研究中也根据实验结果对实际波浪场中Stokes漂移效应所引起的浓度漂移进行了讨论,解释了物理模型实验中的观察到的波浪场中浓度漂移现象。     

溢油扩展、漂移及扩散预测技术研究进展

海上溢油灾害会严重破坏中国近海海洋环境,还会直接危害我国经济发展。因此,开展溢油预测预警技术研究是非常有必要的,能够为海上溢油应急响应提供技术支撑。本文综述了溢油扩展、漂移及扩散数值预测技术的发展过程及相关研究成果,包括溢油扩展模型、溢油漂移与扩散模型、溢油预测预警系统,为未来开展溢油应急工作提供了理论依据和参考。     

Adjustment of wind-drift effect for real-time systematic error correction in radar rainfall data

An effective bias correction procedure using gauge measurement is a significant step for radar data processing to reduce the systematic error in hydrological applications. In these bias correction methods, the spatial matching of precipitation patterns between radar and gauge networks is an important premise. However, the wind-drift effect on radar measurement induces an inconsistent spatial relationship between radar and gauge measurements as the raindrops observed by radar do not fall vertically to the ground. Consequently, a rain gauge does not correspond to the radar pixel based on the projected location of the radar beam. In this study, we introduce an adjustment method to incorporate the wind-drift effect into a bias correlation scheme. We first simulate the trajectory of raindrops in the air using downscaled three-dimensional wind data from the weather research and forecasting model (WRF) and calculate the final location of raindrops on the ground. The displacement of rainfall is then estimated and a radar–gauge spatial relationship is reconstructed. Based on this, the local real-time biases of the bin-average radar data were estimated for 12 selected events. Then, the reference mean local gauge rainfall, mean local bias, and adjusted radar rainfall calculated with and without consideration of the wind-drift effect are compared for different events and locations. There are considerable differences for three estimators, indicating that wind drift has a considerable impact on the real-time radar bias correction. Based on these facts, we suggest bias correction schemes based on the spatial correlation between radar and gauge measurements should consider the adjustment of the wind-drift effect and the proposed adjustment method is a promising solution to achieve this.     

SII型海洋重力仪摆增益调节方法与应用

不同序号的海洋重力仪内部结构有所不同,常规使用的摆增益调节方法对有些仪器无效。详细介绍了摆增益调节的要求以及三种不同的摆增益调节方法,分析了这三种摆增益调节方法的优缺点,并就如何选择使用这三种不同的摆增益调节方法提出了建议,实践证明效果良好。     

大地测量中的永久潮汐问题

研究大地测量中永久潮汐的处理问题。首先推导永久潮汐位的数值表示式,接着给出6类常遇到的大地观测量的3种潮汐值形式及其转换关系,最后讨论3种潮汐系统的性质及其在大地测量中的使用问题。     

重力梯度同步观测方法

为了克服传统陆地重力梯度测量方法的不足,提出了利用两台或多台具有电子读数的相对重力仪测量重力梯度的同步观测方法和相应的数据处理模型,该方法无需进行固体潮改正和零漂改正而直接求解重力差,垂直重力梯度实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

利用验潮站观测数据校正测高平均海平面变化线性漂移

针对卫星测高数据确定平均海平面变化速度中可能存在的线性漂移问题,利用全球快速验潮站观测数据,在进行精细数据预处理中,为保证两种数据观测含相同时变海平面信号,改进了同步校正方法,解决了每个验潮站参考基准不同导致验潮站上两种数据海平面变化差值无法进行全球平均的问题,并以T/P卫星观测数据为例,确定了其平均海平面变化线性漂移,为获取真实海平面变化速度提供了保证。     

Application of wave transformation models for estimation of morphological changes at Vellar estuary,southeast coast of India

Assessment of the wave climate at near coast is vital for estimation of morphological changes, such as growth of sand spit and associated siltation of tidal inlets. Vellar (bar-built) estuary is one of the prominent estuaries along the southeast coast of India, located at 11°30′N and 79°46′E, less studied in terms of its morphological features. The inlet of Vellar is exposed to high energetic waves, inducing large sediment transport rates and shoreline changes. Local wave characteristics are not accurately defined and the available wave information at near coast is limited (point based observations). In the present study, three decoupled numerical models are employed to derive the monthly nearshore wave climate at Vellar by transforming waves from deep water to nearshore. These models are independently validated with buoy observations in deep water and wave gauge data at nearshore. Based on the nearshore wave data, littoral drift along the coast was estimated and compared with the spit growth at Vellar inlet. The estimated average littoral drift along this coast from February to October is 1.93 × 10⁶ m³ toward north and from November to January it is 1.52 × 10⁶ m³ toward south, resulting in a net northerly drift. Results indicated that increase in the wave energy during the period of July to September is responsible for the maximum growth of the sand spit observed in the field.     

河西内陆河流域土地利用对地表水资源影响研究

土地利用对水资源的影响,直接导致水资源空间和时间分布格局发生变化,从而对流域生态、环境以及经济发展等多方面产生深刻影响.采用多期TM等卫星影像解译土地利用/覆被变化要素,应用斑块破碎度和分段比重百分比指标等方法,研究河西内陆河流域土地利用/覆被变化;应用河川径流的溯源性和零地表水资源尺度等理论,研究土地利用对地表水资源格局的影响.结果表明:土地利用驱使地表水资源格局产生剧烈变异,地表水资源整体向河源溯进;疏勒河水资源受耕地面积扩张等影响中下游径流变化产生紊乱;黑河耕地面积10万hm2成为水资源格局变化的极值,地表水资源损耗量出现逐步减少的趋势;石羊河耕地面积的扩张对地表水资源的影响力不断减小,转化为对地下水影响的加剧.