Stability at high-pressure,elastic behaviour and pressure-induced structural evolution of CsAlSi<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript>, a potential host for nuclear waste

The elastic and structural behaviour of the synthetic zeolite CsAlSi₅O₁₂ (a = 16.753(4), b = 13.797(3) and c = 5.0235(17) Å, space group Ama2, Z = 2) were investigated up to 8.5 GPa by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions. No phase-transition occurs within the P-range investigated. Fitting the volume data with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation-of-state gives: V ₀ = 1,155(4) ų, K _T0 = 20(1) GPa and K′ = 6.5(7). The “axial moduli” were calculated with a third-order “linearized” BM-EoS, substituting the cube of the individual lattice parameter (a ³, b ³, c ³) for the volume. The refined axial-EoS parameters are: a ₀ = 16.701(44) Å, K _T0a = 14(2) GPa (β_a = 0.024(3) GPa^?1), K′ _a = 6.2(8) for the a-axis; b ₀ = 13.778(20) Å, K _T0b = 21(3) GPa (β_b = 0.016(2) GPa^?1), K′ _b = 10(2) for the b-axis; c ₀ = 5.018(7) Å, K _T0c = 33(3) GPa (β_c = 0.010(1) GPa^?1), K′ _c = 3.2(8) for the c-axis (K _T0a:K _T0b:K _T0c = 1:1.50:2.36). The HP-crystal structure evolution was studied on the basis of several structural refinements at different pressures: 0.0001 GPa (with crystal in DAC without any pressure medium), 1.58(3), 1.75(4), 1.94(6), 3.25(4), 4.69(5), 7.36(6), 8.45(5) and 0.0001 GPa (after decompression). The main deformation mechanisms at high-pressure are basically driven by tetrahedral tilting, the tetrahedra behaving as rigid-units. A change in the compressional mechanisms was observed at P ≤ 2 GPa. The P-induced structural rearrangement up to 8.5 GPa is completely reversible. The high thermo-elastic stability of CsAlSi₅O_12, the immobility of Cs at HT/HP-conditions, the preservation of crystallinity at least up to 8.5 GPa and 1,000°C in elastic regime and the extremely low leaching rate of Cs from CsAlSi₅O₁₂ allow to consider this open-framework silicate as functional material potentially usable for fixation and deposition of Cs radioisotopes.     

沸石在水环境治理中的应用现状与前景

文章叙述了沸石的基本结构以及吸附、离子交换特性，总结了近年来国内外有关沸石在水环境保护方面的研究与应用成果，提出了沸石在今后的水环境保护和改善方面将具有广泛的应用前景。     

环氧树脂/沸石纳米复合材料的制备及表征

提出了一种用原位插入法制取环氧树脂/沸石纳米复合材料的新方法, 详细探讨了钠化、有机化、环氧树脂插入、固化及制备环氧树脂/沸石纳米复合材料的条件, 在实验的基础上确定了最佳条件, 制成了纳米复合材料, 并用XRD和TEM对其结构进行了表征, 发现纳米复合材料的平均粒径在5 0~ 6 0nm之间, 同时力学性能有明显提高, 可用于高性能的工程塑料和高品质的粘合剂.      

广西车田沸石及其开发利用研究进展

文章在总结车田沸石的晶形及物理性质、化学成分特征、红外光谱、差热-热重、X射线衍射等矿物学特征，以及耐热稳定性、耐酸碱稳定性、离子吸附与交换性能等资源特性研究进展的基础上，重点介绍了车田沸石的开发利用研究新进展，即利用其在低温煅烧和低浓度酸处理后可使其成为无定形非晶态物质的特性制备A型、X型、Y型和P型分子筛；利用其吸附和离子交换性能制备水处理剂、沸石型化肥、无机抗菌剂、干燥剂；利用其化学成分和晶体结构特性制备沸石砖、橡胶和塑料的增强剂等。并对今后车田沸石及其开发利用的研究方向和研究前景进行了展望。     

利用钾长石粉水热合成13X沸石分子筛的实验研究

对综合利用钾长石提钾工艺中的重要高附加值副产品13X沸石分子筛的合成进行了实验研究。对福建沙县的钾长石粉加入配料NaCO3进行焙烧实验，确定培烧的最佳工艺参数为：钾长石粉：NaCO3=1：1．30(摩尔比)，焙烧温度为845℃，焙烧时间为150min；优化的水热合成条件为M2O／SiO2(mo1)=1．50，H2O／M2O(mo1)=40．0，合成时间为8h，晶种加入量为9．0％。对合成样品化学成分分析、X射线物相分析、红外光谱分析、扫描电镜分析表明，合成13X沸石分子筛结晶完好，性能优良．水热反应经由溶解水合反应和聚合浓缩反应两大阶段。     

偏高岭石水热转化法合成NaA分子筛反应机理研究

在偏高岭石水热转化法合成NaA型沸石分子筛体系中，通过对反应不同时间内的固相产物的XRD－FT－IR图谱分析，以及对SEM形貌变化的观察，认为晶化过程包括异相成核和均相成核两个过程，其中异相成核先于均相成核，但是它们之间没有明显界限，只是取决于偏高岭石的表面溶解程度，偏高岭石不仅提供了反应所需的化学组分，而且也为晶核形成提供了必要的界面条件。     

13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布

对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m²/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm³/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。     

赤砂沸石对氮磷钾吸附与释放的研究

本文以安徽省繁昌县赤砂沸石为试验材料，以黄红壤为参照，研究了丝光沸石为主的天然沸石对ＮＨ、Ｈ＿２ＰＯ及Ｋ￣＋的吸附与释放，结果表明：赤砂沸石的吸铵量和吸磷量为黄红壤的３倍；其中易释放铵和可释放铵占总吸铵量８０％以上；易释放磷和可释放磷占７０％以上；赤砂沸石的速效钾含量为黄红壤的７倍左右，而钾位缓冲容量（ＰＢＣ￣Ｋ）则为黄红壤的３５倍左右。赤砂沸石用做肥料调理剂和土壤改良剂，将能够减少土壤中氮、磷、钾的流失，并提高肥料中养分的利用率。     

Nutrients adsorption from seawater by new porous carrier made from zeolitized fly ash and slag

This study investigated the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate by blast furnace slag (BFS) separately.

In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFS, BFS was treated before its use by acid. The authors aim to develop a new porous carrier to adsorb simultaneously ammonium and phosphate from seawater under eutrophic conditions. The current paper deals with a promising new approach to improve the utilization of some industrial solid wastes such as BFS and zeolite synthesized from fly ash [ZFA(Fe)] by their solidification to cylindrical porous carriers using a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method.

Attempts to produce porous carriers using an arranged HHP method with different porosities (24%, 40% and 52% (v/v)) were carried out. Physical properties of carriers such as porosity, compressive strength and height have been investigated. Laboratory studies showed strong evidence that the porous carrier was very selective towards phosphate and ammonium. The results demonstrated the role of porosity in enhancing phosphate and ammonium adsorption by the increase of the surface area per weight. The estimates of the parameters and the correlation coefficients according to the Freundlich equations revealed that adsorption was related to the porosity of carriers and phosphate and ammonium were adsorbed well on the carriers having large porosity.

The results suggested that developing carrier with high porosity was a promising way to enhance nutrients adsorption.     

Fe-ZSM-5分子筛催化降解染料废水的研究

传统的Fenton均相亚铁盐催化剂处理染料废水,具有难以避免的二次污染和亚铁离子流失问题。分子筛催化剂相比传统催化剂具有高效环保的特点,在催化氧化染料废水领域有着良好的前景。本文通过液相离子交换法制备了Fe-ZSM-5非均相分子筛催化剂,替代传统的亚铁盐催化剂,应用X射线衍射对制备的Fe-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行表征,表明随离子交换次数的增加,Fe-ZSM-5催化剂负载的铁量上升,且较好地保持了分子筛结构,有利于提高亚铁离子的催化能力。通过实验确定了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂催化反应的最佳温度、pH值、Fe-ZSM-5的用量、反应时间等工艺参数,比较了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂和传统Fenton均相催化剂降解染料废水的脱色率和废水中铁离子的残留量,结果表明Fe-ZSM-5的脱色率达到98.5%,相比于Fenton均相催化剂的脱色率提升约3%;两种催化剂的铁离子残留量差别显著,Fe-ZSM-5催化剂处理的废水中只产生微量的Fe离子,可以认为Fe-ZSM-5非均相分子筛催化剂有效地解决了催化剂损耗和二次污染问题。