微波消解-磷钒钼黄光度法测定海洋沉积物中总磷

采用微波消解样品,磷钒钼黄光度法测定海洋沉积物中总磷。优化了消解用酸的种类和用量、消解时间、消解温度等微波消解条件。选择HNO3作为消解剂,消解最终温度190℃,保持时间15 min,总磷的测定快速和准确。探讨了显色酸度(微波消解液是否需要赶酸)和稀释倍数等测定条件。对两种国家一级沉积物标准物质GBW07314和GBW07311进行分析验证,测定值与标准值相符,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)分别为0.74%和1.66%。与常规消解方法进行比对实验,测定结果无显著性差异。与国标GB 17378.5方法相比,该法具有简单、快速、准确、空白值低、环境污染少等优点。在实际样品测定中,取得了满意的结果,适用于海洋沉积物中总磷的测定。     

闽粤群和岱衢群养殖大黄鱼（Pseudosciaenacrocea）及其杂交子代遗传差异的SSR分析

采用SSR方法进行了闽粤群（MY）和岱衢群（DQ）及其正交和反交大黄鱼的遗传差异的研究。结果表明,Shannon’S多样性指数为DQ群高于MY群,分别为2．14、2．04;反交群高于正交群分别为2．13、2．03：杂交群体中为2．24与其亲体群的相似（2．22）。亲体群间基因分化系数只t值为0．020,低于杂交后代的0...     

The substance composition of sterols in the sediments from the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea and global climatic significance

The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent.     

Testing of Sydney dimension sandstone for use in the conservation of heritage buildings

This paper deals with the scientific assessment of the physical properties of sandstone used in the conservation of Sydney's historic heritage sandstone buildings. The local Hawkesbury Sandstone has been widely used for all manner of constructions since the early days of the first settlement. In the nineteenth century, dimension sandstone quarries existed all over the Sydney region, and the demand for the stone was great. During this time, a true ‘freestone’ known as ‘yellow block’ sandstone, in which bedding planes were absent, was quarried extensively. This sandstone is also known as a ‘self-colouring’ sandstone, where the rock, although grey when quarried, turns a yellow–brown after a few months exposure to the atmosphere. It can be easily carved and was eminently suitable for the ornate Victorian architecture of the time. There are very few quarries within the Sydney region today capable of producing ‘yellow block’ sandstone. Whenever possible, sandstone from suitable building excavations, particularly on the Pyrmont Peninsula, is used for this work. Conservation work is extremely expensive and the building elements that most need replacement, the overhanging and decorative elements, are usually those that cost the most. It is essential that the most durable replacement stone be selected. Thus, a strict regime of scientific testing is used for any major conservation project, in order to determine the physical properties of possible replacement stone. This is the province of the geologist and involves visual observation in the quarry or excavation, which is a simple, cost-effective means of weeding out poor quality stones, followed by laboratory engineering tests to establish the physical parameters of a sandstone and finally, petrographic analysis. The results of such tests, combined with careful sampling, ensure the best possible quality of replacement material.     

胶州湾海水黄色物质荧光分布初步研究

研究海水黄色物质，在实验室研究的基础上，于1999年9月1－2日，利用荧光测量法，现场测量了胶州湾黄色物质荧光相对强度，首次获得了我国海区黄色物质分布数据。胶州湾黄色物质荧光强度主要分布特征为：胶州湾黄色物质荧光强度高度区分布在沿岸，尤其在河口附近；湾口次之；湾中部区域再次之，湾口外侧最小；胶州湾黄色物质垂直分布不均匀。这种分布与胶州湾的自然环境密切相关，尤其与沿岸径流有关，因此，初步认定胶州湾黄色物质为陆源物质，由沿岸径流携带入海湾。     

标准物质在分析测试中的应用探析

分析测量中标准物质的利用在于保障数据的正确性,所以不论采用何种标准物质的测量方式,均应符合以上定位。标准物质在分析测量中的作用,主要为:保障分析方法、测量仪器的准确性和保障产品质量,及用于实验室认证工作。为最大实现以上应用功效,应保障标准物质的有效期、有针对性的使用标准物质,充分考虑测试方法的不确定性和使用质量控制图,并积极研发纳米标准物质作为未来技术提升的方向。     

一种基于地质指标的裂隙岩体渗透系数估算模型

裂隙岩体的渗透特性受控于裂隙的发育特征、连通特性和充填情况,并与岩体的地应力水平具有显著的相关性。基于裂隙岩体渗透性的影响因素,并考虑现有渗透系数估算模型的不足,利用钻孔压水试验和钻孔电视图像资料,建立考虑埋深(Z)、岩石质量指标(RQD)以及充填物指标(FSD)等3个指标的渗透系数估算ZRF模型,并应用到牙根二级水电站及其他工程区的渗透系数估算中。结果表明,与已有的渗透系数估算模型相比,ZRF模型较好地反映了岩体渗透性的影响因素,且模型参数物理意义明确,便于获取,对分析裂隙岩体渗透性具有一定的工程参考价值。     

北黄海前新生代残留盆地勘探潜力分析

通过对北黄海及其邻区地质构造、石油地质条件的分析,认为北黄海盆地沉积地层基底为元古界,经历了五期构造演化,形成4套区域角度不整合界面,具有多套烃源岩及生储盖组合,具有良好的勘探前景.     

黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)MSTN基因SNP位点与体重的相关性分析

为了研究黄颡鱼MSTN基因的多态性与体重之间的相关性,对100条六月龄黄颡鱼肌肉生长抑制素基因(MSTN)的全序列进行测序,获得了8个多态性较高的SNP位点。结果显示：其中有7个位点分布于非编码区,1个位点位于编码区,但位于编码区的核苷酸突变为同一突变。在得出这8个SNP位点中有三个位点的基因型与黄颡鱼的体重有显著的相关性：IJ与体重呈正相关性,而NN和OP与黄颡鱼体重呈负相关性。在黄颡鱼育种过程中,可以尝试利用这三个位点进行分子标记辅助选育。     

黄、东海海洋黄色物质的卫星反演

在对物理特性分析的基础上, 建立了黄、东海海域卫星离水辐射率黄色物质反演模式, 并利用2003年4月15日SeaWIFS卫星获得的黄、东海海域离水辐射率(Lw)数据反演给出了黄海中部—东海南部(北起33°52′N, 南到22°00′N; 西起122°36′E, 东止125°28′E)海域的黄色物质分布图。结果分析表明, 研究区给出的黄、东海海域黄色物质吸收系数在0.003—0.13m-1范围内, 与大西洋北海测得的黄色物质吸收系数比较接近, 但明显低于波罗的海和地中海, 更低于世界各地沿海海湾。平均而言, 比在太平洋点测黄色物质吸收系数值高约80%, 达0.09m-1左右。在水平分布上, 黄海海域的黄色物质吸收系数明显高于东海海域, 沿岸水域明显高于远海水域。受长江水系和黄海环流以及沿岸排污等要素的影响, 在长江口以外和黄海中、南部水域及其沿岸附近有明显的高吸收系数值聚集区。同时发现, 在黄海西部沿岸, 由于有较高反射率的高泥沙含量的影响, 对该区黄色物质的反演产生了较大的影响, 特别在苏北沿岸和长江口水域尤其如此。而在韩国、日本西海岸、浙江及福建沿岸水域则比较正常的给出了黄色物质的分布。